Lancet Neurol:中老年痴呆患者的疼痛评价

2014-11-13 MedSci译 MedSci原创

就患有痴呆的个体而言,对于疼痛的忽视、低估、治疗不足存在很高的风险,尽管疼痛随着年龄的增长呈多发态势。在疼痛的表达和交流上的限制是对痴呆患者痛疼诊疗的一大障碍,因为虽然患者主诉有它自身的缺陷,但对于疼痛的主诉被认为是最快速、可行的方式获取患者主观上对疼痛的感受。因此,系统地对非语言性的表达进行分析评价是对痴呆患者临床疼痛评估的重要部分。许多资料资料表明,疼痛可以通过面部表情来表达,通过训练对面部表

就患有痴呆的个体而言,对于疼痛的忽视、低估、治疗不足存在很高的风险,尽管疼痛随着年龄的增长呈多发态势。在疼痛的表达和交流上的限制是对痴呆患者痛疼诊疗的一大障碍,因为虽然患者主诉有它自身的缺陷,但对于疼痛的主诉被认为是最快速、可行的方式获取患者主观上对疼痛的感受。因此,系统地对非语言性的表达进行分析评价是对痴呆患者临床疼痛评估的重要部分。


许多资料资料表明,疼痛可以通过面部表情来表达,通过训练对面部表情的准确认知会使我们对患者情况做出更可靠、更准确的判断。然而,对面部表情进行有条理的分析,对一些临床机构目前存在困难,但当先进的、自动化的,价格合理的计算机视觉技术能够悄无声息地检测患者疼痛的面部表情,这一诊断方法将会成为现实。近期临床对痴呆患者疼痛评价方法已经得到发展,这些方法可以应用与临床实践中对痴呆人群疼痛的识别。对于不同评价方法和手段的细化与测试已逐步开始,也十分必要,包括解释伴随疾病对疼痛表达的影响(例如表情缺乏和颜面部麻痹)。


我们提出一个疼痛评价模型包括权威指南的核心关键要素,经过总结,我们认为对痴呆以及交流上存在严重障碍的患者而言好的疼痛评价应该体现周密的病史、代理报告、物理诊断与医学检查结果、功能状态评价等,还要考虑到环境的变化,情感状况的评估,对疼痛的主诉(如果可得),以及观察性的疼痛评价。相反的,可靠的观察性疼痛评价应该包含标准化、经验证的方法,多次重复的结果(在连续的情况下),动态观察结果,以及痛疼治疗后的再评估(例如镇痛试验)。我们总结了关键的疼痛行为表现,可以作为有效的观察评价方法。



接下来的研究依然需要欧洲的科研领域的共同努力,进而建立一个具有普遍意义的痛疼评价标准,用于痴呆患者的诊疗。更深层次的研究应该尝试验证这些量表在易患神经系统疾病的病人中的作用,此外对面部表情实时的、自动化视频评估技术的持续发展会证明提出临床有效疼痛生物标志缺失这一观点的价值。

原始出处:

Thomas Hadjistavropoulos, Keela Herr,Kenneth M Prkachin,Kenneth D Craig, Stephen J Gibson, Albert Lukas, Jonathan H Smith.Pain assessment in elderly adults with dementia.The Lancet Neurology,December 2014.doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(14)70103-6


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    2014-12-08 howi
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    2015-06-02 yinhl1978
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    2014-12-19 rosa00tong

    在疼痛的表达和交流上的限制是对痴呆患者痛疼诊疗的一大障碍

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    2014-11-15 huagfeg

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