Cell Metab:意外!肥胖易增加糖尿病风险,背后有个关键分子

2018-10-17 悠然 生物探索

10月11日,《Cell Metabolism》期刊新发表了这一篇题为“Protein Kinase C Epsilon Deletion in Adipose Tissue, but Not in Liver, Improves Glucose Tolerance”的文章,揭示了一种关键酶——蛋白激酶C ε(protein kinase C epsilon,PKCε)在糖尿病中的代谢细节。这一研


https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2018.09.013

10月11日,《Cell Metabolism》期刊新发表了这一篇题为“Protein Kinase C Epsilon Deletion in Adipose Tissue, but Not in Liver, Improves Glucose Tolerance”的文章,揭示了一种关键酶——蛋白激酶C ε(protein kinase C epsilon,PKCε)在糖尿病中的代谢细节。这一研究由澳大利亚Garvan医学研究所的副教授Carsten Schmitz-Peiffer及其团队完成。

一个惊人发现

PKCε是一种细胞质酶,调控糖代谢。过去的研究认为,PKCε在肝脏组织中活跃,通过磷酸化胰岛素受体抑制胰岛素。

然而,最新研究却揭示,这一促成糖尿病的关键分子主要来源并不是于肝脏或者胰腺

通常,科学家们会使用高脂肪饮食(HFD)诱导小鼠发生2型糖尿病,促使大多数小鼠变得“葡萄糖不耐受”——进食后无法控制血糖。特别是,肝脏变得“胰岛素抵抗”——不再对胰岛素积极响应。

10年前,Carsten Schmitz-Peiffer发现PKCε对糖尿病的发展很重要。他们证实,完全不表达PKCε的突变小鼠不会发生类似于糖尿病的症状,即便它们处于其他正常小鼠易患糖尿病的环境中。

“我们发现,完全不表达PKCε的小鼠即便食用高脂肪食物,也不会发生葡萄糖不耐症(glucose intolerant)。”Carsten Schmitz-Peiffer表示道。

让他们意外的是,当去除肝脏中表达的PKCε,这些突变小鼠并未按照过去的理论那样不发生糖尿病。在最新的研究中,这些突变小鼠高在脂肪喂食之后竟然出现了血糖不耐症。

一个新的答案:脂肪

如果不是肝脏,那么PKCε是在哪里促成葡萄糖不耐症?

最新研究发现,当将脂肪组织中产生的PKCε完全清除,小鼠则不会发生葡萄糖不耐症。这意味着,PKCε促成糖尿病的工作场所并不是肝脏,而是在脂肪组织。

PKCε在多个组织中都有表达,但是,最新研究赋予了脂肪组织一个新功能,也进一步解析了肥胖与糖尿病高风险之间关联的原因。


PKCε的工作细节(图片来源:Cell Metabolism)

变化

最新研究发现,当存在和缺乏PKCε时,脂肪细胞在形状和大小上会表现出差异。

“在显微镜下,脂肪细胞会非常不同。” Carsten Schmitz-Peiffer表示道,“当脂肪组织不表达PKCε时,高脂肪喂食的小鼠脂肪细胞大部分都较小且健康。相反,表达PKCε的高脂肪喂食小鼠(伴随有葡萄糖不耐症),其脂肪细胞多是不健康、肿胀的,很难获得氧气且容易发炎。”

Carsten Schmitz-Peiffer认为,这一变化可能会对糖尿病产生广泛而复杂的影响。“我们知道,脂肪组织不仅仅储存脂肪。”他解释说,“它是非常活跃的器官,释放许多信号/分子至身体其他的组织。PKCε影响脂肪细胞的健康,这意味着它会进一步改变脂肪细胞传递的信号、释放的分子,后者会在肝脏等器官组织中发挥作用,进而干扰葡萄糖代谢。”

抑制PKCε

这一最新研究为通过靶向PKCε治疗糖尿病的药物开发提供了新的线索。Schmitz-Peiffer教授正和Monash医药研究所的Ray Norton教授、Jonathan Baell教授合作,基于药物研发平台开发一种口服多肽,用于抑制PKCε的活性。

原始出处:

Amanda E. Brandon, Bing M. Liao, Barbara Diakanastasis, et.al.  Protein Kinase C Epsilon Deletion in Adipose Tissue, but Not in Liver, Improves Glucose Tolerance. Cell Metabolism October 11, 2018

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    2019-02-27 维他命
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    2019-03-21 hb2008ye
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    2019-06-13 一闲
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    2018-10-23 guojianrong
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    2018-10-18 kafei

    学习了谢谢

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