Nat Genet:发现皮肤癌风险基因

2014-04-02 佚名 生物通

研究人员发现一种特异的基因发生突变可导致遗传性黑色素瘤。 在英国,每年有近1.2万人被诊断罹患黑色素瘤。每20名黑色素瘤患者中就有1人具有明显的疾病家族史。确切地找到这些患者中驱动疾病发展的遗传突变,皮肤病学家们可以此鉴别出应加入到黑色素瘤监测计划中的人群。 该研究小组发现,携带POT1基因特异突变的人们极有可能形成黑色素瘤。这些突变导致了保护我们的染色体末端免

研究人员发现一种特异的基因发生突变可导致遗传性黑色素瘤。

在英国,每年有近1.2万人被诊断罹患黑色素瘤。每20名黑色素瘤患者中就有1人具有明显的疾病家族史。确切地找到这些患者中驱动疾病发展的遗传突变,皮肤病学家们可以此鉴别出应加入到黑色素瘤监测计划中的人群。

该研究小组发现,携带POT1基因特异突变的人们极有可能形成黑色素瘤。这些突变导致了保护我们的染色体末端免受损伤的POT1基因失活。

论文的共同资深作者、Wellcome Trust Sanger研究所David Adams博士说:“基因组学正处在转变健康护理系统的边缘——这一研究突显了通过基因组研究可以获得潜在临床利益,为改善患者的护理和疾病治疗提供一些潜在的策略。利用这一研究发现,我们应该可以确定家族中的哪些成员有罹患这一疾病的风险,哪些人应该接受定期筛查实现早期检测。”

已知的一些遗传突变导致了约40%的遗传性黑色素瘤事件。该研究小组通过对因未知突变造成遗传性黑色素瘤的184名患者的基因组进行测序,着手鉴别了导致其余60%遗传性黑色素瘤的突变。

他们发现,这些突变引起POT1失活导致了更长并有可能不受保护的端粒。利兹大学癌症和病理学研究所所长Tim Bishop教授说:“这一研究发现大大增进了我们对于某些家庭为何具有高黑色素瘤发病率这一原因的认识。由于以往已确定了这一基因是新药开发的一个靶点,在未来,早期检测将有可能推动更好地治疗这一疾病。”

该研究小组还发现,还有一些其他的家族性癌症例如白血病和脑肿瘤携带这些遗传性突变。看起来失活POT1基因的突变有可能不仅是黑色素瘤,也是其他癌症的基础。

论文的共同资深作者、利兹大学Julia Newton Bishop教授说:“我们的研究正在改变对于黑色素瘤致病原因以及最终如何预防和治疗黑色素瘤的理解,提供了一个很好的例子表明基因组学是如何改变公共健康的。没有来自罹患这些毁灭性的、遗传性黑色素瘤家庭的帮助和包容,这一研究将无法完成。”

该研究小组目前正在致力开发携带失活POT1基因的细胞和小鼠。未来将利用它们来检测科改变端粒代谢的潜在药物疗法。

英国癌症研究所的科技信息沟通专员Safia Danovi说:“对于具有明显黑色素瘤家族史的人们这是重要的一步。对于我们大多数人来说,重要的是要记住避免晒伤,太阳伞是减少这一疾病风险的最好方式。”

原始出处:

Robles-Espinoza CD1, Harland M2, Ramsay AJ3, Aoude LG4, Quesada V5, Ding Z6, Pooley KA7, Pritchard AL8, Tiffen JC6, Petljak M6, Palmer JM8, Symmons J8, Johansson P8, Stark MS8, Gartside MG8, Snowden H9, Montgomery GW10, Martin NG11, Liu JZ12, Choi J13, Makowski M13, Brown KM13, Dunning AM14, Keane TM6, López-Otín C5, Gruis NA15, Hayward NK4, Bishop DT2, Newton-Bishop JA2, Adams DJ1.POT1 loss-of-function variants predispose to familial melanoma.Nat Genet. 2014 Mar 30. doi: 10.1038/ng.2947. 

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    2015-02-20 cy0324
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    2015-03-06 sjq027
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    2014-12-22 canlab
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    2015-01-30 liye789132251
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