Lancet:三联抗病毒疗法治疗Covid-19显疗效

2020-05-14 医咖会 医咖会

早期使用三联抗病毒治疗,在缓解轻至中度COVID-19患者的症状、缩短病毒脱落时间和住院时间方面,优于单独使用洛匹那韦-利托那韦治疗。

近日,Lancet刊登了一项多中心2期试验,评估了干扰素β-1b、洛匹那韦-利托那韦和利巴韦林三联治疗对COVID-19患者的有效性和安全性。研究显示,早期使用三联抗病毒治疗,在缓解轻至中度COVID-19患者的症状、缩短病毒脱落时间和住院时间方面,优于单独使用洛匹那韦-利托那韦治疗

 

原文链接:

https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(20)31042-4/fulltext

 

这是一项在香港6家医院进行的多中心、前瞻性、开放标签、随机、2期试验。COVID-19患者被随机分配(2:1)到联合治疗组(洛匹那韦-利托那韦+利巴韦林+干扰素β-1b,共14天)或对照组(仅洛匹那韦-利托那韦,共14天)。主要终点为达到鼻咽拭子SARS-COV-2检测转阴的时间。次要终点是达到症状缓解的时间,定义为NEWS2评分(早期预警评分)为0,持续24小时;每日NEWS评分和SOFA评分(序贯器官衰竭评分);住院时长;30天死亡率。

基线特征

2020年2月10日至3月20日,研究者共筛查了144例患者,最终入组了127例患者(图1)。在此期间,本研究筛查的患者人数是香港确诊病例的80%。入组患者的中位年龄为52岁(IQR 32–62),男性68例(54%),女性59例(46%)。51例(40%)患者伴有基础疾病。从发病到入院的中位时间为5天(IQR 3-7)。

 

图1  入组流程

 

127例患者中,86例患者被随机分配到联合治疗组,41例患者被纳入对照组。在86例联合治疗组中,有52例患者在发病7天内入院并接受了三联治疗方案;有34例是在发病≥7天入院并接受了洛匹那韦-利托那韦+利巴韦林的联合治疗方案。

 

从发病到接受治疗的中位时间:联合治疗组为5天(IQR 4-7),对照组为4天(IQR 3-8)。两组的年龄、性别和基线人口统计学数据无差异。

 

发热和干咳是最常见的症状;腹泻和嗅觉丧失很少见。大多数患者在发病后出现淋巴细胞减少,C反应蛋白和血沉增加。联合治疗组中的一名患者在发病时伴有鼻病毒感染。基于NEWS2和SOFA评分,入组患者就诊时的病情较轻

临床改善情况

主要结局方面,从开始接受治疗到鼻咽拭子转阴的时间,联合治疗组的中位时间明显短于对照组:7天 (IQR 5-11) vs 12天 (8-15);HR 4.37 (95%CI 1.86-10.24),P=0.0010。

 

联合治疗组的临床改善情况明显更好,症状完全缓解(即NEWS2和SOFA评分为0)的时间明显短于对照组(NEWS2评分:联合治疗组4天[IQR 3-8] vs 对照组8天[7-9];HR 3.92 [95%CI 1.66–9.23],p<0.0001。SOFA评分:3.0天[1.0-8.0] vs 8.0天[6.5-9.0];HR 1.89 [1.03-3.49],p=0.041)。

 

治疗后每日NEWS2评分和每日SOFA评分的趋势相似(图2)。与对照组相比,联合治疗组的中位住院时间更短(9.0天[7.0-13.0] vs 14.5天[9.3-16.0];HR 2.72 [1.2-6.13],p=0.016)。

 

图2  治疗后的患者结局

病毒学改善情况

病毒学检测结果显示,鼻咽拭子,后口咽唾液,咽拭子和粪便样本,联合治疗均显著缩短了转阴的时间

 

所有患者基线时鼻咽拭子SARS-CoV-2检测均呈阳性。联合治疗组和对照组的所有标本的基线病毒载量相似。在治疗后第1天至第7天,联合治疗组的鼻咽拭子病毒载量显著低于对照组(图2B)。后口咽唾液、咽拭子和粪便标本中也发现了类似的结果(图2C–E)。

 

对于发病后7天内开始治疗的76例患者的事后亚组分析比较显示,除粪便样本外,联合治疗组(52例)的临床和病毒学结局均优于对照组(24例;下表)。但是,在发病后≥7天接受治疗的51例患者中,以上结局无显著差异(联合治疗组为34例 [接受洛匹那韦–利托那韦+利巴韦林治疗];对照组17例)。

 

 表. 亚组分析

 

安全性分析

联合治疗组中有41例患者(48%,41/86)报告了不良事件,对照组中有20例患者(49%,20/41)报告了不良事件。最常见的不良事件是腹泻(52/127,41%),发热(48,38%),恶心(43,34%)和丙氨酸转氨酶水平升高(18,14%)。这些副作用大多在用药后3天内消除。4位患者(3%)报告了窦性心动过缓。两组间的不良事件发生率,恶心或腹泻的持续时间没有差异。联合治疗组未报告严重不良事件,对照组中的一名患者发生了严重的肝酶受损,需要停止治疗。研究期间没有患者死亡。

总结

这项针对COVID-19患者的多中心、随机、开放标签的2期试验显示,使用干扰素β-1b、洛匹那韦-利托那韦和利巴韦林三联疗法,在患者发病7天内使用,相比单独使用洛匹那韦-利托那韦,可显著缩短转阴时间。治疗的副作用较轻且具有自限性。

 

 

本研究有几个局限性:该试验为开放标签设计;没有设置安慰剂对照组;联合治疗组中有一个亚组患者未使用干扰素β-1b,未来的3期试验可考虑将干扰素β-1b作为核心治疗,因为本研究的亚组分析提示干扰素β-1b似乎是关键。另外,本研究没有纳入重症患者,因此结果无法外推至重症病例。

 

总结来讲,早期三联抗病毒治疗在缓解轻至中度COVID-19患者症状、缩短病毒脱落时间和住院时间方面优于单独使用洛匹那韦-利托那韦。有必要在未来进一步研究以干扰素β-1b为主的抗病毒治疗策略。

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    2021-04-14 howi
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    2020-05-16 yahu
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    2020-05-14 内科新手

    谢谢梅斯提供这么好的信息,学到很多

    0

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    2020-05-14 goodbing

    顶刊就是不一样,质量很高,内容精彩!学到很多

    0

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