盘点:近期关于结肠癌研究进展一览

2017-11-26 lishiting MedSci原创

【1】Obes Rev:30岁以下人群肥胖也会导致结肠癌风险增加有令人信服的证据表明,成年后肥胖与结肠癌风险增加相关,但关于30岁以下人群该相关性的研究结果却是模棱两可的。近日研究人员对PubMed 和 Web of Science数据库资料进行分析,考察39岁以下人群体重指数每增加5 kg/m2与结肠癌风险的相关性。总计15项观察性研究纳入本次荟萃分析。研究发现BMI每增加5 kg/m2,会

【1】Obes Rev:30岁以下人群肥胖也会导致结肠癌风险增加

有令人信服的证据表明,成年后肥胖与结肠癌风险增加相关,但关于30岁以下人群该相关性的研究结果却是模棱两可的。

近日研究人员对PubMed 和 Web of Science数据库资料进行分析,考察39岁以下人群体重指数每增加5 kg/m2与结肠癌风险的相关性。

总计15项观察性研究纳入本次荟萃分析。研究发现BMI每增加5 kg/m2,会导致总体、男性以及女性的结肠癌风险分别增加13% (RR 1.13, 95% CI 1.08, 1.19)、17% (RR 1.17, 95% CI 1.09, 1.25)以及 8% (RR 1.08, 95% CI 1.04, 1.11),研究结果存在异质性。按肿瘤位点进行分层,BMI每增加5 kg/m2,患者结肠癌风险提高14% (RR 1.14, 95% CI 1.07, 1.22),但对于肾癌风险无显著影响(RR 1.03, 95% CI 0.95, 1.13)。

研究发现,一生中,包括30岁之前,肥胖均导致结肠癌风险增加。根据这一研究结果,应重视预防青少年超重和肥胖,防止因肥胖过度而导致早发性结肠癌。(原文详见--Obes Rev:30岁以下人群肥胖也会导致结肠癌风险增加

【2】Gastroenterology:CT结肠成像对结肠癌术后患者病情监控的效果优于肠镜

结直肠癌根治术后的疾病监测建议术后1年进行腹部盆腔CT扫描或肠镜检查(OC)。CT结肠成像(CTC)可有效的发现≥10 mm的结直肠息肉以及癌变。近日研究人员比较了CTC、CT以及OC在结肠癌术后患者疾病监控中的差异。

研究招募了231名0-III期结肠癌术后患者,在术后1年,患者进行CTC+CT检查以及同日进行OC检查。研究的主要终点是CTC对息肉和癌变的检出率。

231名患者中,116人(50.2%)存在OC检出的息肉或组织病变,且15.6%存在传统腺瘤和或≥6 mm锯齿状息肉,未发现管腔内癌变。CTC对≥6 mm锯齿状息肉检出的敏感性为44.0% (95% CI,30.2-57.8),特异性为93.4% (95% CI,89.7-97.0),对于≥10 mm息肉检出的敏感性为 76.9% (95% CI 54.0-99.8),特异性为89.0% (95% CI,84.8-93.1),单纯腺瘤性息肉的检出结果与OC类似。CTC对于≥6 mm腺瘤以及≥10 mm腺瘤的阴性预测率分别为90.7 (95% CI,86.7-94.5)和 98.6 (95% CI,97.0-100)。

研究认为,结肠癌术后1年进行病情监控的患者,CT结肠成像对于≥6 mm病变的检出率优于推荐使用的肠镜检查。(原文详见--Gastroenterology:CT结肠成像对结肠癌术后患者病情监控的效果优于肠镜

【3】JAMA Oncology:RAS和BRAF突变Ⅲ期结肠癌患者肿瘤位置的预后价值

目前尚无研究针对原发肿瘤位置对不同BRAF,RAS和微卫星灶不稳定(MSI)状态的接受结肠癌切除并进行标准辅助化疗的患者预后的影响。JAMA Oncology近期发表了一篇文章,研究Ⅲ期结肠癌患者接受FOLFOX联合或不联合西妥昔单抗治疗后不同BRAF,RAS和MSI状态原发肿瘤位置的预后价值。

研究纳入的患者为PETACC-8临床试验纳入的Ⅲ期结肠腺癌患者。进行的随机化的2559例患者中,1900例进行二代基因测序,其中1869例患者有与原发肿瘤位置相关的完整信息。作者将原发肿瘤位置分为近端(右侧)或远端(左侧)到脾曲。主要的研究结果是原发肿瘤位置(右侧 vs 左侧)与无病生存,复发后生存以及总生存之间的关系。再全部分子数据可用的1869例患者中,755例为右侧结肠肿瘤,164例有MSI,942例有RAS突变,212例有BRAF突变。在全部人群中,右侧肿瘤原发位置对无病生存无预后作用,但是与更短的复发后生存和总生存有关。当在不同分子亚组中研究无病生存是,微卫星灶稳定的肿瘤和不稳定的肿瘤结果相似,RAS突变人群右侧原发肿瘤无病生存优于左侧原发肿瘤。RAS和BRAF均为野生型的人群中,右侧原发肿瘤无病生存不如左侧原发肿瘤。在左侧原发肿瘤中未观察到西妥昔单抗能够改善无病生存和总生存。

文章最后认为,尽管之前报道过在转移性结肠癌中右侧原发肿瘤与不良预后有关,本研究的结果表明在Ⅲ期结肠癌患者中,根据RAS及BRAF突变情况不同,其与疾病复发的关系也不一样。(原文详见--JAMA Oncology:RAS和BRAF突变Ⅲ期结肠癌患者肿瘤位置的预后价值

【4】Science:研究发现这种抗生素可以有效阻止癌细胞的扩散!

来自哈佛大学的研究人员在一项新的研究中发现证据表明,在结肠癌癌细胞向身体其他器官进行转移的时候,会携带某种细菌。研究结果发表在《科学》杂志上,该小组描述了他们对细菌及其与结肠癌病因可能的联系。

先前的研究表明,细菌与肿瘤细胞一起存在于各种类型的癌症中,这使得医学界的一些人怀疑它们是否是肿瘤形成的真正原因。名为具核梭杆菌的细菌已经被证实存在与结肠癌细胞中。在这项新的研究中,研究人员想知道当这些癌细胞已经转移到身体其他部位的时候,同样的细菌能否存在于结肠癌肿瘤细胞中。

为了找出答案,研究人员从结肠癌患者体内采集了组织样本。在研究过程中,他们发现,在许多情况下,同一细菌菌株存在于肿瘤中,即使结肠癌细胞已经发生转移,结肠癌最常见的转移位置就是肝脏,但没有证据表明结肠癌癌细胞中的细菌,存在于肝脏中。

研究人员对这一发现很感兴趣,研究人员将肿瘤植入健康的老鼠体内,这样他们发现那些有细菌的肿瘤开始生长了。接下来,研究小组测试了使用能够杀死F.具核梭杆菌的抗生素来治疗结肠癌小鼠的可能性。他们发现这样做确实减缓了肿瘤的生长。

这一发现使研究人员找到了对抗结肠癌的新方向,希望进一步的研究可以证明此法的有效性和安全性。(原文详见--Science:研究发现这种抗生素可以有效阻止癌细胞的扩散

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    2017-12-05 虈亣靌

    讲解的非常好,值得学习

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    2017-12-01 虈亣靌

    学习了提高了

    0

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  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=266990, encodeId=e976266990a6, content=讲解的非常好,值得学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3zMoyicyo6ia9f4IuLQAwZoxD6Hx4ibd5CMcOCYhStY6oDibbKK6O2X8iaicldO5ib8j1iapOIobIKCGiczU2A/0, createdBy=56251941490, createdName=虈亣靌, createdTime=Tue Dec 05 12:45:30 CST 2017, time=2017-12-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=265929, encodeId=35ce2659298f, content=学习了提高了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3zMoyicyo6ia9f4IuLQAwZoxD6Hx4ibd5CMcOCYhStY6oDibbKK6O2X8iaicldO5ib8j1iapOIobIKCGiczU2A/0, createdBy=56251941490, createdName=虈亣靌, createdTime=Fri Dec 01 10:51:50 CST 2017, time=2017-12-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1380900, encodeId=397d1380900c7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9281e34519b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#研究进展#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=73451, encryptionId=9281e34519b, topicName=研究进展)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f13d475, createdName=mashirong, createdTime=Mon Nov 27 23:59:00 CST 2017, time=2017-11-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=264482, encodeId=d520264482e7, content=学习了.谢谢分享!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160914/IMG57D82E721DB581755.jpg, createdBy=4fc81933929, createdName=明天会更好!, createdTime=Sun Nov 26 10:59:38 CST 2017, time=2017-11-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=264481, encodeId=4b622644816d, content=学习了.谢谢分享!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160914/IMG57D82E721DB581755.jpg, createdBy=4fc81933929, createdName=明天会更好!, createdTime=Sun Nov 26 10:59:32 CST 2017, time=2017-11-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=264459, encodeId=76b7264459cc, content=谢谢了.学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=30331616752, createdName=txqjm, createdTime=Sun Nov 26 09:47:25 CST 2017, time=2017-11-26, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-11-26 明天会更好!

    学习了.谢谢分享!

    0

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    2017-11-26 明天会更好!

    学习了.谢谢分享!

    0

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    2017-11-26 txqjm

    谢谢了.学习

    0

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