病例挑战:发热、呕吐3天,惊厥3次

2021-05-11 网络 网络

科室:感染 神经科 儿科

科室:感染 神经科 儿科
体温:39.5
血压:135-86 mmHg
性别:女
年龄:2
心率:140

呼吸频率:35

脉搏:140
主诉:发热、呕吐3天,惊厥3次

现病史:入院前3天无明显诱因出现发热,体温在38.5~39.8℃,有寒战,阵发性尖声哭叫,有时用手捶打头部,频繁呕吐,每日4~6次不等,喷射性,量约50-200毫升,轻咳,流涕,在外院按“上呼吸道感染”予口服“阿莫西林”2天,效果不佳,入院前18小时、2小时、10分钟突发惊厥3次,均表现为呼之不应,双眼凝视,四肢强直,口吐沫,面色青紫,无二便失禁,每次持续约10~15分钟,予按压人中,静推安定等可缓解,缓解后嗜睡。患儿发病以来,精神弱、纳差,无皮疹,无腹痛、腹泻,二便正常。

既往史:
既往体健,按时预防接种,否认肝炎、结核等接触史。既往无惊厥史。

个人史:
患儿第1胎第1产,足月顺产,无产伤窒息史,母怀孕期间无放射性物质及化学毒物接触史,无发热及病毒感染史,生后母乳喂养,适时添加辅食。

婚姻史:未婚未育

家族史:
家人身体健康,否认家庭中患有同样的疾病史,否认家族性疾病、遗传性疾病史。

月经婚育史:幼儿

 

 

 

 

病例解析

急性化脓性脑膜炎又称脑膜炎,是化脓性细菌所致的软脑膜、蛛网膜、脑脊液及脑室的急性炎症反应,脑及脊髓表面可轻度受累,常与化脓性脑炎或脑脓肿同时存在。化脓性脑膜炎是一种严重的颅内感染,尽管抗生素的研制已经有了很大进步,但至今急性化脓性脑膜炎的病死率和病残率仍然较高。
多呈暴发性或急性起病。成人与儿童急性期常表现为发热、剧烈头痛、呕吐、全身抽搐、意识障碍或颈项强直等。病前可有上呼吸道感染史。新生儿与婴儿常有高热、易激惹、嗜睡、呼吸困难、黄疸等,进而可有抽搐、角弓反张及呼吸暂停等,而神经系统表现甚少。新生儿病前可有早产、产伤或产前母亲感染史。体检早期可出现脑膜刺激征,如颈项发硬,Kernig征阳性、Brudzinski征阳性。但婴幼儿颈强直常不明显,常表现为前囟饱满,角弓反张。肺炎球菌和流感嗜血杆菌感染可在早期出现局部脑体征,表现为持续性脑局部损害和难以控制的痫性发作。病程稍晚可有脑神经障碍,以眼球运动障碍多见,在肺炎球菌脑膜炎的患者中发生率最高。另外可有意识障碍及眼底水肿,由于颅内压增高有时可致脑疝形成。在脑膜炎流行期间,如病程进展快,起病时伴有皮肤黏膜淤点或淤斑,并迅速扩大,且发生休克,应考虑脑膜炎球菌脑膜炎。

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    2023-10-06 ms5000001725858949 来自广西

    复习

    0

  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2161122, encodeId=504721611224c, content=复习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=436e8859610, createdName=ms5000001725858949, createdTime=Fri Oct 06 01:33:07 CST 2023, time=2023-10-06, status=1, ipAttribution=广西), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1214963, encodeId=17e31214963bc, content=***, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=48bc4026140, createdName=13a6a0abm16暂无昵称, createdTime=Wed Apr 27 08:47:35 CST 2022, time=2022-04-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1074601, encodeId=555e10e460125, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=46, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=114a6150123, createdName=ms7000001837964238, createdTime=Sat Nov 27 20:22:26 CST 2021, time=2021-11-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1055199, encodeId=c347105519988, content=第一次用软件学习啦, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=48, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=020a5618522, createdName=ms6000001083707466, createdTime=Sun Sep 26 23:57:52 CST 2021, time=2021-09-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=965152, encodeId=8ba3965152e3, content=婴幼儿症状不典型, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=91, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=d9965479940, createdName=ms2000001946416411, createdTime=Thu May 13 10:52:57 CST 2021, time=2021-05-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1425890, encodeId=fb031425890f8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=83135316192' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#惊厥#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=53161, encryptionId=83135316192, topicName=惊厥)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=7ff14003523, createdName=zz12341235, createdTime=Thu May 13 00:31:12 CST 2021, time=2021-05-13, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-04-27 13a6a0abm16暂无昵称

    ***

    0

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    2021-11-27 ms7000001837964238

    学习了

    0

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    2021-09-26 ms6000001083707466

    第一次用软件学习啦

    0

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    2021-05-13 ms2000001946416411

    婴幼儿症状不典型

    0

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    2021-05-13 zz12341235