Nat Immunol:又犯傻了!中国科学家发现巨噬细胞竟会接受癌细胞“贿赂”,令先天免疫对病毒“网开一面”

2018-01-23 代丝雨 奇点网

本周的《自然免疫学》上,来自浙江大学张龙课题组与苏州大学周芳芳课题组,为我们带来了一项开拓性的研究。研究者们首次发现,癌细胞会通过外泌体给巨噬细胞“送礼”,受贿的巨噬细胞被资本腐蚀,内部产生一系列变化,导致先天性抗病毒免疫功能被抑制,这或许可以解释为什么癌症患者常常免疫力低下,易染上其他疾病。

本周的《自然免疫学》上,来自浙江大学张龙课题组与苏州大学周芳芳课题组,为我们带来了一项开拓性的研究。研究者们首次发现,癌细胞会通过外泌体给巨噬细胞“送礼”,受贿的巨噬细胞被资本腐蚀,内部产生一系列变化,导致先天性抗病毒免疫功能被抑制,这或许可以解释为什么癌症患者常常免疫力低下,易染上其他疾病。


张龙教授(左),周芳芳教授(右)

要说这癌症患者,真是令人心疼。因为患上癌症,自身的免疫力比常人要低,不光要忍受癌细胞的大肆侵略,还要小心不知什么时候就会得上流感之类的传染病。

这还挺奇怪的。毕竟癌细胞神通广大,我们都知道它们有各种办法逃避免疫系统的检查,让自己活下来,但这又怎么和其他传染病扯上关系的呢?怎么,这位黑道大佬,不光给自己谋生,顺道还能“帮衬”其他小弟?

为了搞清楚为什么,研究者分析了一批A型流感患者的血样。这些患者中有的单纯只得了流感,另一些患者则还同时患有肺癌,并且没有经过化疗治疗。结果显示,癌症患者的血样中,β干扰素(IFN-β)的水平要低得多!


可见癌症患者的IFN-β水平(右)低很多

为了探索癌症和先天免疫的关系,研究者尝试把肺癌细胞和巨噬细胞放在一起培养,然后用病毒感染,观察免疫系统的反应。考虑到体内的实际情况,在培养的时候,研究者也放置了聚碳酸脂膜,防止癌细胞和巨噬细胞直接接触。

结果不出所料,与癌细胞共培养的巨噬细胞,面对病毒感染显然很弱势,IFN-β水平低了很多。


面对两种病毒的感染,与癌细胞(LLC)共培养的巨噬细胞显然战斗力不行

很显然,这些巨噬细胞绝对从癌细胞那里受了什么“坏影响”,面对敌人都不积极了。

既然细胞之间没有直接接触,研究者们就把目光放到了外泌体上。外泌体是细胞分泌的一种小囊泡,里面可以包裹各种生物分子,在细胞之间传递信息。

研究者分析了来自肺癌细胞和乳腺癌细胞的外泌体与正常肺成纤维细胞(MLF)分泌的外泌体。在两种癌细胞来源的外泌体(TEX)中,研究者都发现了相对高水平的活化表皮生长因子受体(EGFR);相反,在正常细胞来源的外泌体里,连个EGFR的影子都看不到。

对癌细胞进行分析,研究者发现,超过50%的肺癌细胞外泌体中都含有EGFR,这个数据也与对肺癌患者的分析一致。


左:EGFR水平很高

右:肺癌患者体内也发现了含有EGFR的TEX

正常情况下,免疫细胞表面几乎是不表达EGFR的,但是接触了这些夹带私货的外泌体,巨噬细胞的表面也大大方方装饰上了EGFR。

不得不感慨,癌细胞送礼还挺会送,巨噬细胞没有啥送啥;巨噬细胞脸也挺大,收了礼一点都不藏着掖着,马上就穿上身了。

那巨噬细胞收下的这些EGFR,又是怎么蚕食了它的心灵,导致IFN-β分泌减少、工作态度不积极的呢?这还得从IFN-β的来源下手调查。

IFN-β的分泌受到干扰素转录因子3(IRF3)的调节。当机体识别到病毒的时候,IRF3就会形成一个二聚体,来调动IFN-β的表达。按照这个思路,研究者筛查了400多个相关的激酶,终于揪到了唯一一个即能够拮抗这种二聚作用、又受EGFR调控[2,3]的关键酶,MEKK2。

为了验证MEKK2的关键作用,研究者在MEKK2酶缺陷的小鼠中进行了实验。果不其然,同样植入肿瘤、同样用病毒感染,MEKK2酶缺陷的小鼠对病毒感染更有抗性,它们表达的细胞因子水平更高,病毒的复制水平则更低。


缺陷小鼠的免疫力更高(左),病毒复制水平更低(中、右)

很显然,癌细胞给巨噬细胞送的大礼降低了小鼠的先天免疫,让小鼠更容易受到病毒的感染。从数据也可以看出,小鼠的存活率是与EGFR和MEKK2密切相关的。


可见MEKK2缺陷小鼠存活更长

癌细胞爱“送礼”也不是第一次发现了,以前有研究证实,癌细胞会通过外泌体给单核细胞送EGFR和HER-2,这能够延长单核细胞的存活并且改变癌细胞周边的微环境。而本次实验首次发现癌细胞送来的活化EGFR还能够传递给巨噬细胞,并通过MEKK2的作用影响先天免疫。

这项研究也能够解释,为啥癌症患者普遍在先天抗病毒免疫上具有缺陷了。

不得不说,这朋友不能随便交,礼也不能随便收。当官收礼要双规,巨噬细胞收礼要命啊。

原始出处:Liang Gao, Lin Wang, Tong Dai,  et al. Tumor-derived exosomes antagonize innate antiviral immunity. Nature Immunology (2018)

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    2018-07-03 liye789132251
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style='color:#2F92EE;'>#中国科学家#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=21940, encryptionId=f1232194031, topicName=中国科学家)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=cbca11021083, createdName=12498e5fm15(暂无昵称), createdTime=Thu Jan 25 13:56:00 CST 2018, time=2018-01-25, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-10-27 kafei

    学习了谢谢

    0

  4. 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authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/ajNVdqHZLLDcVAydhtcpjiaxLrZD7Eb5YnKPgf7ypGpfyl7FflFyAenvQLbib6T0LPXIhXo9SPNPXYYFFJbEgykztwJ0HQ61I3F9GxIVKWsgQ/0, createdBy=f38d2052407, createdName=周周人, createdTime=Mon Jan 29 23:24:18 CST 2018, time=2018-01-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1252449, encodeId=8b74125244918, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3efee1519b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#癌细胞#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=71519, encryptionId=3efee1519b2, topicName=癌细胞)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4cea26, createdName=yxch36, createdTime=Thu Jan 25 13:56:00 CST 2018, time=2018-01-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1516962, encodeId=574d151696232, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f1232194031' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#中国科学家#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=21940, encryptionId=f1232194031, topicName=中国科学家)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=cbca11021083, createdName=12498e5fm15(暂无昵称), createdTime=Thu Jan 25 13:56:00 CST 2018, time=2018-01-25, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-03-03 hzzzq000

    提供了很好的病例

    0

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style='color:#2F92EE;'>#中国科学家#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=21940, encryptionId=f1232194031, topicName=中国科学家)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=cbca11021083, createdName=12498e5fm15(暂无昵称), createdTime=Thu Jan 25 13:56:00 CST 2018, time=2018-01-25, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-03-03 hzzzq000

    0

  7. 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encryptionId=acfae485578, topicName=科学家发现)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e572480, createdName=旅苦化文_208, createdTime=Thu Sep 06 23:56:00 CST 2018, time=2018-09-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=292428, encodeId=38922924282e, content=提供了很好的病例, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2018/01/22/da858762f22397a9870400efe62f44f0.jpg, createdBy=fea91579365, createdName=hzzzq000, createdTime=Sat Mar 03 06:39:30 CST 2018, time=2018-03-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=292427, encodeId=669b29242eed, content=好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, 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authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/ajNVdqHZLLDcVAydhtcpjiaxLrZD7Eb5YnKPgf7ypGpfyl7FflFyAenvQLbib6T0LPXIhXo9SPNPXYYFFJbEgykztwJ0HQ61I3F9GxIVKWsgQ/0, createdBy=f38d2052407, createdName=周周人, createdTime=Mon Jan 29 23:24:18 CST 2018, time=2018-01-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1252449, encodeId=8b74125244918, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3efee1519b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#癌细胞#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=71519, encryptionId=3efee1519b2, topicName=癌细胞)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4cea26, createdName=yxch36, createdTime=Thu Jan 25 13:56:00 CST 2018, time=2018-01-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1516962, encodeId=574d151696232, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f1232194031' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#中国科学家#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=21940, encryptionId=f1232194031, topicName=中国科学家)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=cbca11021083, createdName=12498e5fm15(暂无昵称), createdTime=Thu Jan 25 13:56:00 CST 2018, time=2018-01-25, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-03-03 hzzzq000

    很好的文章.学习了

    0

  8. 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authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/ajNVdqHZLLDcVAydhtcpjiaxLrZD7Eb5YnKPgf7ypGpfyl7FflFyAenvQLbib6T0LPXIhXo9SPNPXYYFFJbEgykztwJ0HQ61I3F9GxIVKWsgQ/0, createdBy=f38d2052407, createdName=周周人, createdTime=Mon Jan 29 23:24:18 CST 2018, time=2018-01-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1252449, encodeId=8b74125244918, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3efee1519b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#癌细胞#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=71519, encryptionId=3efee1519b2, topicName=癌细胞)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4cea26, createdName=yxch36, createdTime=Thu Jan 25 13:56:00 CST 2018, time=2018-01-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1516962, encodeId=574d151696232, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f1232194031' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#中国科学家#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=21940, encryptionId=f1232194031, topicName=中国科学家)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=cbca11021083, createdName=12498e5fm15(暂无昵称), createdTime=Thu Jan 25 13:56:00 CST 2018, time=2018-01-25, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-01-29 周周人

    学习.

    0

  9. 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authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/ajNVdqHZLLDcVAydhtcpjiaxLrZD7Eb5YnKPgf7ypGpfyl7FflFyAenvQLbib6T0LPXIhXo9SPNPXYYFFJbEgykztwJ0HQ61I3F9GxIVKWsgQ/0, createdBy=f38d2052407, createdName=周周人, createdTime=Mon Jan 29 23:24:18 CST 2018, time=2018-01-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1252449, encodeId=8b74125244918, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3efee1519b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#癌细胞#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=71519, encryptionId=3efee1519b2, topicName=癌细胞)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4cea26, createdName=yxch36, createdTime=Thu Jan 25 13:56:00 CST 2018, time=2018-01-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1516962, encodeId=574d151696232, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f1232194031' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#中国科学家#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=21940, encryptionId=f1232194031, topicName=中国科学家)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=cbca11021083, createdName=12498e5fm15(暂无昵称), createdTime=Thu Jan 25 13:56:00 CST 2018, time=2018-01-25, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-01-25 yxch36
  10. 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