重磅消息!世界首批体细胞克隆疾病模型猴在中国诞生!

2019-01-24 天一 贝壳社

据新华网消息,今日,5只生物钟紊乱体细胞克隆猴登上中国综合英文期刊《国家科学评论》封面,世界首批生物节律紊乱体细胞克隆猴模型在中国诞生。2018年年初,中国科学院率先突破非人灵长类体细胞克隆世界难题,克隆猴“中中”和“华华”诞生。如今,5只生物节律紊乱体细胞克隆猴诞生,“中华”姐妹有了重要的小伙伴。此次,在严格遵循科研伦理的前提下,中科院神经科学研究所张洪钧、孙强、刘真团队首次通过敲除“关键基因”

据新华网消息,今日,5只生物钟紊乱体细胞克隆猴登上中国综合英文期刊《国家科学评论》封面,世界首批生物节律紊乱体细胞克隆猴模型在中国诞生。

2018年年初,中国科学院率先突破非人灵长类体细胞克隆世界难题,克隆猴“中中”和“华华”诞生。如今,5只生物节律紊乱体细胞克隆猴诞生,“中华”姐妹有了重要的小伙伴。

此次,在严格遵循科研伦理的前提下,中科院神经科学研究所张洪钧、孙强、刘真团队首次通过敲除“关键基因”的方法,获得5只生物钟紊乱严重程度不同的疾病猴,而后,他们从中选取了一只紊乱特征最为明显的猕猴作为克隆“原型”,通过采集其体细胞的细胞核,最终获得5只克隆疾病猴。目前年龄最大的已超半岁,年龄最小的也已超过3个月。

至此,疾病模型猴的构建难题被攻克。

“中中”“华华”的细胞核来自雌性胎猴,而此次5只克隆猴的细胞核来自雄性青年疾病猴,操作要求更高、实现难度更大,这表明中国体细胞克隆技术走向成熟,标志着实验用疾病模型猴批量克隆“照进现实”,全球实验动物使用数量有望大幅降低,药物研发驶入“快车道”。

“10年攻关+10亿美元投入”几乎是目前新药出炉的“标配”,然而,即便投入如此之巨,失败概率仍超90%。科学界认为,根本原因在于缺乏遗传背景一致的实验用疾病模型猴。


图片来源:图虫创意

猕猴是国际上常用的一种实验动物。中科院神经科学研究所所长蒲慕明表示:“猕猴的大脑结构与功能,跟人非常相近。猕猴的各种认知功能、各种生理功能也与人是非常相近的。”

“中中”“华华”的成功克隆虽解决了让野生猕猴遗传背景一致的问题,却未能解决疾病模型猴的构建难题。此外,“中中”和“华华”都是健康的猴子,其应用价值不如基因修饰克隆猴那么大。

经过努力,科学家团队首次利用CRISPR/Cas9方法,敲除了生物节律核心基因BMAL1,产生了一批BMAL1缺失的猕猴。

等到半年后断奶,研究人员为它们带上了运动手环,随时监测到它们的昼夜活动情况。“我们发现BMAL1敲除猴并未按照24小时的周期活动,在夜间活动明显增多。”此外,有很多研究表明节律紊乱或睡眠障碍容易造成一些精神疾病,如双向情感障碍,抑郁症等的早期症状。

在此基础上,研究人员采集了一只睡眠紊乱症状最明显的BMAL1敲除猕猴的体细胞,通过克隆技术,获得了五只BMAL1基因敲除的克隆猴。

蒲慕明院士形象地解释为“拔毛变猴”,“这些猴子的体细胞的来源是一只猴子,经过基因编辑之后,得到生物钟紊乱的各种症状,我们就把那只猴子拿来做体细胞克隆供体,每一个细胞里面基因都是一样的,所以你就可以做出一批(克隆猴)。我们做个最好的比喻,就是孙悟空身上拔毛之后,出来一批小孙悟空,科学神话一样的道理。”

这批表现出节律紊乱的克隆猴模型将用于睡眠障碍、抑郁症等重大疾病治疗和药物研发,有助于缩短药物研发周期,提高新药研发效率,加快我国新药创制与研发的进程。

蒲慕明院士认为,它还为脑认知功能研究、重大疾病早期诊断与干预迈出重要一步。

国际上首批生物节律紊乱猴及其克隆后代,填补了生物节律紊乱研究高等动物模型的空白,夯实了我国科学家在非人灵长类研究领域的领跑地位,意味着我国正式开启了批量化、标准化创建疾病克隆猴模型的新时代。

“我们正在开展脑认知工具猴的制备,带有神经退行性疾病、精神分裂、孤独症等致病基因的克隆猴的研发。不久后,免疫缺陷猴模型、慢病猴模型、肿瘤猴模型、内分泌紊乱猴模型以及肥胖和糖尿病猴模型也将陆续诞生。”蒲慕明如是勾勒模型猴研发的未来蓝图,“或许明年,大家又可以收到体细胞克隆技术效率提升的好消息了!”

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    2019-10-18 aids221
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    2019-01-26 xxxx1054
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    2019-01-24 CHANGE

    梅斯里提供了很多疾病的模型计算公式,赞一个!

    0

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