Sci Rep:竹笋膳食纤维可调节肠道菌群预防肥胖

2017-04-29 李秀芬 张萍 西双版纳热带植物园

随着社会经济的发展和生活方式的改变,肥胖症和糖尿病人持续增加。肥胖不仅会影响患者的自信,其导致的相关疾病也给社会和家庭造成极大的负担,预防肥胖对于全民健康有着重要意义。膳食纤维是人体的第7大营养素,对于维持体重和人体全面健康都有重要作用。膳食纤维的分类有多种,可以是天然的或合成的,水溶或水不溶的,发酵或不发酵的,粘性或非粘性的,其根本概念是不被人体小肠消化的碳水化合物。国际卫生组织建议每人每日摄入

随着社会经济的发展和生活方式的改变,肥胖症和糖尿病人持续增加。肥胖不仅会影响患者的自信,其导致的相关疾病也给社会和家庭造成极大的负担,预防肥胖对于全民健康有着重要意义。

膳食纤维是人体的第7大营养素,对于维持体重和人体全面健康都有重要作用。膳食纤维的分类有多种,可以是天然的或合成的,水溶或水不溶的,发酵或不发酵的,粘性或非粘性的,其根本概念是不被人体小肠消化的碳水化合物。国际卫生组织建议每人每日摄入量应大于25克。大量流行病的研究表明不溶性的膳食纤维对心血管疾病的预防有重要作用,但是机理一直不清楚。肠道菌与多种疾病的发生有密切关联,特别是与肥胖的关系已经被动物实验和临床实验充分证明。临床研究表明,肥胖病人随着体重减轻,厚壁菌门丰度下降,而拟杆菌门丰度增加。膳食纤维不足会导致肠道菌多样性减低,而且具有遗传性。到底哪类膳食纤维对于肥胖和代谢性疾病预防作用更好一直是营养学界谈论的热点话题。

富含膳食纤维的竹笋是我国人民喜食的蔬菜,但科学界对其生理功能几乎没有研究。版纳植物园营养免疫与功能性食品张萍研究组以版纳甜龙竹竹笋为样本,从中提取了膳食纤维,研究之后发现这种竹笋膳食纤维吸油吸水性都优于其它膳食纤维(中国发明申请专利号No.2015108901176)。因而研究人员猜想,版纳甜龙竹膳食纤维可能会通过促进脂肪的排除而影响肠道菌群,进而抑制高脂肪饲料导致的一系列不良反应。

研究组采用小鼠进行了对照试验,对比了含有相同能量、不同营养素和不同纤维素的饲料喂养6周对小鼠体重、生化指标、肠道菌的影响,发现相比与常见的膳食纤维例如小麦纤维、大豆纤维以及菊粉等膳食纤维,竹笋膳食纤维最有效地抑制高脂肪饲料导致的体重增加。与微晶纤维素组小鼠相比,竹笋纤维组有效抑制了小鼠脂肪组织的增加、脂肪细胞增大、血脂血糖的变化。此外,竹笋纤维组还保持了肠道菌多样性,大大增加了拟杆菌门细菌的丰度,这种增加的程度比文献中报道的其它膳食纤维都高出许多,表明竹笋膳食纤维对体重的影响很可能是通过增加拟杆菌门细菌实现的。

研究表明各种膳食纤维由于结构和组成的差异导致在生理功能上的差异明显,版纳甜龙竹竹笋膳食纤维在抑制体重增加、改善肠道菌方面无疑是最佳的一种膳食纤维。这是国内外首次对竹笋膳食纤维的生理作用进行比较全面的研究,首次证明在预防肥胖方面,竹笋膳食纤维优于其它膳食纤维,并且这种作用是通过改善肠道菌的微生态实现的。我国竹笋资源丰富,市场巨大。这一发现对于促进竹笋食品资源的开发利用有着重大意义。

该研究成果以Bamboo shoot fiber prevents obesity in mice by modulating the gut microbiota为题发表在Scientific Reports。

原始出处:

Xiufen Li, Juan Guo, Kailong Ji,et al.Bamboo shoot fiber prevents obesity in mice by modulating the gut microbiota.Scientific Reports 6, Article number: 32953 (2016)doi:10.1038/srep32953

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    2017-10-16 TZF0812
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    2017-05-01 zhaojie88
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    2017-04-29 三生有幸9135

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