JAMA:CDC颁布阿片类药物镇痛使用指南

2016-03-16 MedSci MedSci原创

管理慢性疼痛对初级保健医师来说是充满挑战的,阿片类药物的长期有效性的证据十分有限。阿片类的使用有严重的风险,包括乱用和过量。

管理慢性疼痛对初级保健医师来说是充满挑战的,阿片类药物的长期有效性的证据十分有限。阿片类的使用有严重的风险,包括乱用和过量。

为了给初级保健医师提供阿片类处方的建议,用于慢性疼痛,但是不包括癌症治疗,姑息治疗和终末期治疗。CDC更新了2014年阿片类药物的有效性和风险的系统回顾 ,对其利弊,价值和偏好及花费进行了补充审查。CDC使用了建议评价分级,发展和评估(GRADE)框架来评估证据类型和确定推荐类别。

证据包括有明显的局限性,使用GRADE方法认为的低质量的观察性研究或随机临床试验。不包括meta分析,由于研究数量的有限性,研究设计的变异性和临床异质性以及研究方法的缺陷。无阿片类药物镇痛长期(≥1 年)益处的研究。

指南推荐12条建议,最重要的是非阿片类首先用于治疗慢性疼痛较好。只有当认为缓解疼痛和功能的益处大于风险时,才使用阿片类。使用阿片类之前,医师应先开具最低的有效剂量,但需要将剂量增至50毫克当量吗啡或更多时,应仔细对益处和风险进行再评估,尽量避免同时使用阿片类和苯二氮卓类。临床医师应每三月进行一次风险和益处评估,可能的话,对于高风险的联用或大剂量应更加频繁的回顾处方药物监管程序数据。对于乱用阿片类的患者,临床医生应提供或安排基于证据的治疗,如使用丁丙诺啡或美沙酮的药物辅助疗法。

此指南的目的是为了提高阿片类药物用于慢性疼痛治疗有效性和风险的交流,提高药物使用的安全性和有效性并减少长期使用的风险。


指南全文下载:阿片类镇痛指南2016.pdf

原始出处:

Deborah Dowell,Tamara M. Haegerich; Roger Chou, CDC Guideline for Prescribing
Opioids for Chronic Pain—United States, 2016 FREE ONLINE FIRST
.JAMA.
Published online March 15, 2016.  

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    2016-03-22 1de8665bm23(暂无匿称)

    标记一下日后好用

    0

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    2016-03-18 lhlxtx
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    2016-03-18 zhaojie88

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