nat biotechnol:给脑细胞重新“编程”,治疗帕金森病

2017-04-12 佚名 nature自然科研

《自然-生物技术》本周在线发表的研究Induction of functional dopamine neurons from human astrocytes in vitro and mouse astrocytes in a Parkinson’s disease model报告,用一种特定分子组合处理非神经元脑细胞可以产生类似多巴胺神经元的细胞;多巴胺神经元是一种在帕金森病中丧失的细胞类型

《自然-生物技术》本周在线发表的研究Induction of functional dopamine neurons from human astrocytes in vitro and mouse astrocytes in a Parkinson’s disease model报告,用一种特定分子组合处理非神经元脑细胞可以产生类似多巴胺神经元的细胞;多巴胺神经元是一种在帕金森病中丧失的细胞类型。作者在人类培养细胞和帕金森病小鼠模型中演示了这种新的重编程方法。

分泌多巴胺的特殊神经元的进行性死亡是帕金森病的一个明确特征。尽管存在多种治疗方法,包括将多巴胺化学前体作为药物,但这些疗法都无法改变疾病的进程。数十年来,研究者都在尝试开发病程改变疗法,在实验室生成多巴胺神经元或其前体,并将其移植到患者的大脑中。

用NeAL218可以在培养条件下对人类的星形胶质细胞进行重新编程。

瑞典卡罗林斯卡学院的Ernest Arenas及同事报告了一种不同的细胞替代疗法,这种疗法不需要细胞移植。通过检验一系列已知对多巴胺-神经元身份有重要作用的基因,他们发现了四种基因,这些基因与某些小分子结合时,能将人脑中的星形胶质细胞重编程为类似于多巴胺神经元的细胞。

用毒素杀死小鼠神的多巴胺神经元,两周后用病毒递送基因诱导星形胶质细胞进行重编程。

为了研究该策略的治疗潜力,作者用毒素杀死了小鼠的多巴胺神经元,然后利用一种慢病毒系统将这四种基因递送至小鼠大脑的星形胶质细胞中。一些星形胶质细胞被成功重编程,获得了多巴胺神经元的特征,并纠正了多巴胺神经元损失带来的一些行为症状。作者指出,在考虑对这种治疗策略进行人体试验之前,还需进行大量的深入研究。

原始出处:

Pia Rivetti di Val Cervo,Roman A Romanov,Giada Spigolon,et al.Induction of functional dopamine neurons from human astrocytes in vitro and mouse astrocytes in a Parkinson's disease model.nature biotechnology.2017 Apr.

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    2017-12-13 sunylz
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    2018-03-09 cathymary
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    2017-12-10 liye789132251
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    2018-02-11 shock_melon
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