Nat Immunol:预防自身免疫性疾病的机制新发现

2017-08-02 zhuliee 来宝网

来自卡罗林斯卡学院的研究人员在人体的天然免疫系统中发现了一种细胞—NKT细胞,这种细胞可以阻止在获得性免疫系统中,免疫细胞对机体自身原始的细胞发生反应,从而阻止自身免疫性疾病,如系统性红斑狼疮的发生。

【NKT细胞通过阻碍B细胞抑制免疫应答的发生】我们从前未知的,在免疫系统内的安全机制使我们的身体远离自身免疫性疾病。

来自卡罗林斯卡学院的研究人员在人体的天然免疫系统中发现了一种细胞—NKT细胞,这种细胞可以阻止在获得性免疫系统中,免疫细胞对机体自身原始的细胞发生反应,从而阻止自身免疫性疾病,如系统性红斑狼疮的发生。

该研究发表于学术期刊Nature Immunology上。

在自身免疫性疾病和过敏性疾病发生时,免疫系统会触发患者的免疫反应,这种现象越来越普遍。在一些如系统性红斑狼疮的自身免疫性疾病中,免疫系统主要针对机体自身的细胞发生免疫反应。

在获得性免疫中,一种重要的组成部分是被称为B淋巴细胞的白细胞,B细胞是许多自身免疫性疾病的致病因子,正是这些B细胞最初对机体的固有结构发生反应,从而导致各种临床症状的发生。

微生物学、细胞和肿瘤生物学方面的专家,Mikael Karlsson教授说:“我们的研究小组对B淋巴细胞感兴趣,并关注B淋巴细胞在不同类型的自身免疫性疾病中的调节异常。”

传统认为,固有免疫系统中的中性粒细胞在损伤修复和免疫应答的初始阶段发挥着非常重要的作用。通过一系列的鼠模型中的研究, Karlsson的研究团队发现中性粒细胞还具有另一种至关重要的功能,即和B淋巴细胞发生相互作用。该研究团队发现,中性粒细胞和B细胞间的相互作用为一种安全机制,可以阻碍B淋巴细胞对内源性抗原的发生反应。

Karlsson博士说:“我们已经发现了一种在免疫系统中阻止自身免疫性疾病发生的新机制,这在之前是完全未知的机制。而这个机制可能在如系统性红斑狼疮等自身免疫性疾病中发生缺陷。”

当机体发生炎症时,中性粒细胞引起脾脏的B淋巴细胞开始产生自身抗体,从而缓解炎症。但是,在此发生的同时,中性粒细胞还和一种名为NKT细胞的免疫细胞发生联系,引导其调节过度的炎症反应。

NKT细胞是一群细胞表面既有T细胞受体TCR,又有NK细胞受体的特殊T细胞亚群。NKT细胞受到刺激后,可以分泌大量的IL-4,IFN-γ,GM-CSF,IL-13和其它细胞因子和趋化因子,发挥免疫调节作用,NKT细胞是联系固有免疫和获得性免疫的桥梁之一。NKT细胞活化后具有NK细胞样细胞毒活性,可溶解NK细胞敏感的靶细胞,主要效应分子为穿孔素,Fas配体以及IFN-γ。

已知SLE患者体内NKT细胞的水平低于其他人群,这可能是SLE患者机体无法调节B淋巴细胞重要因素。

Karlsson教授说:“我们的发现除了关注免疫系统如何工作,还对患有其他自身免疫性疾病的患者很重要。我们认为这个机制可以被用来在不同的病理条件下调节B淋巴细胞,也可能作为阻止SLE发病的一个新的方式。”

原始出处:Thomas Hägglöf, Saikiran K Sedimbi, Jennifer L Yates, et al.Neutrophils license iNKT cells to regulate self-reactive mouse B cell responses.Nature Immunology 17, 1407–1414 (2016)

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    2018-05-07 liye789132251
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    2017-08-02 131****1460

    学习了受益匪浅

    0

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    2017-08-02 清风拂面

    谢谢分享,学习了

    0

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