Obstet Gynecol:如何管理无症状患者的卵巢肿块?

2016-05-08 MedSci MedSci原创

美国妇产科医师协会主席Andrew Kaunitz教授在接受采访时,介绍了如何管理在无症状患者中发现的卵巢肿块。

美国妇产科医师协会主席Andrew Kaunitz教授在接受采访时,介绍了如何管理在无症状患者中发现的卵巢肿块。

比如,患者因交通意外在急诊部门接受CT检查,没有发现特殊的创伤,但放射科医生报告了单侧卵巢囊性肿块,你要怎么处理?

临床医生的挑战是不能反应过度,进行不必要的手术,但是需要及时识别和参考卵巢恶性肿瘤的病例。在一生中,大约有1/5的女性检查出有卵巢肿块。考虑到CT,超声和MRI的频繁使用,在很多无症状的女性中发现了卵巢肿块,为下一步的处理带来了困惑。近期发表在 Obstetrics and Gynecology上的回顾性研究描述了卵巢肿块的分类和管理。

盆腔超声显像可以将卵巢肿块分为可疑良性、可疑恶性、或不确定性。单房或单纯囊性肿块较常见且是良性的。同样的,囊性卵巢肿块包含<2cm的分隔和无实质性区域,无乳头状突起,无附壁结节的肿块是恶性的可能也非常低。单纯性卵巢囊肿,包含有较薄的分隔,通常可以自行恢复,3个月后可行超声随访,若囊肿稳定可每5年进行一次随访。

与单纯囊性卵巢肿块不同,当超声发现实质性肿块或出现腹水时,恶性的风险更大。当出现这些情况时,应咨询妇科肿瘤医生。

初步的超声不能识别出某些卵巢肿块是明显的低风险或高风险。对于不确定形态的肿块,研究作者建议连续每月进行随访,恶性肿瘤的体积和形态学复杂性会随着时间的的变化而增加。作者同时建议对绝经后女性有可疑肿块的患者每月随访血清CA-125,即使CA-125在正常范围内,但水平增加也是恶性的预兆。

我们呼吁对无症状卵巢肿块患者进行常规随访。这个权威的回顾性研究提供了临床实践建议来促进快速识别恶性肿瘤,并尽可能减少对良性无症状肿块进行手术。

原始出处:

van Nagell JR Jr, Miller RW. Evaluation and management of ultrasonographically detected ovarian tumors in asymptomatic women. Obstet Gynecol. 2016;127:848-858 

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    2016-10-18 yhy100200
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    2016-05-10 cnxcy
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