Nat. Med:预防遗传性乳腺癌或将不用切除也可实现

2016-06-23 MedSci MedSci原创

最近一项研究发现一种治疗骨质疏松的药物能够延缓乳腺癌生长,研究人员正在对其进行进一步临床研究确定其能否作为乳腺癌高风险女性的治疗药物。这种叫做denosumab的药物或将有一天成为BRCA1突变携带女性的预防性治疗药物,著名女演员安吉丽娜朱莉曾检出携带该基因突变,据估计这会导致她患乳腺癌的风险增加87%,患卵巢癌的风险增加50%。在健康状态下BRCA1和BRCA2基因能够产生肿瘤抑制性蛋白,帮助修

最近一项研究发现一种治疗骨质疏松的药物能够延缓乳腺癌生长,研究人员正在对其进行进一步临床研究确定其能否作为乳腺癌高风险女性的治疗药物。这种叫做denosumab的药物或将有一天成为BRCA1突变携带女性的预防性治疗药物,著名女演员安吉丽娜朱莉曾检出携带该基因突变,据估计这会导致她患乳腺癌的风险增加87%,患卵巢癌的风险增加50%。

在健康状态下BRCA1和BRCA2基因能够产生肿瘤抑制性蛋白,帮助修复损伤DNA确保细胞内遗传物质的稳定。但是如果这些基因发生突变或功能紊乱,就会产生错误蛋白无法正常修复DNA损伤,进而增加乳腺癌和卵巢癌的风险。据研究人员介绍,大约有一半携带BRCA1或BRCA2突变基因的女性到70岁时会患上乳腺癌。

该研究发现服用骨质疏松治疗药物denosumab能够将上述基因突变的危害降低到很低水平。研究人员首先对携带BRCA1突变的病人乳腺组织进行了分析发现一组生长速度很快的细胞似乎是形成乳腺癌的祖细胞。

研究人员在这些细胞中发现一种叫做RANK受体的分子,能够在女性怀孕和月经期间向乳腺细胞传递生长信号,如果该分子功能发生紊乱,乳腺细胞就会开始分裂并逐渐出现增殖失控导致乳腺癌发生。而之前研究已经证明denosumab本身能够靶向RANK受体治疗骨质疏松或治疗发生乳腺癌骨转移的病人。而在该研究中研究人员在乳腺癌小鼠模型和分离的人类乳腺癌细胞上检测了denosumab的作用,发现该药物能够预防或延缓肿瘤发育。

研究人员表示:“我们非常高兴能够看到这样的结果,这表明我们可能发现了一种帮助癌症高风险女性,特别是BRCA1突变携带者预防乳腺癌发生的潜在治疗方法。”

但是他们仍然对这些结果保持谨慎态度,他们希望能够将这些研究结果转化到临床应用,而不仅仅是在小鼠模型和体外细胞模型上得到应用。目前临床研究已经展开,预期进行两年。

原始出处

Emma Nolan, François Vaillant, Daniel Branstetter, Bhupinder Pal, RANK ligand as a potential target for breast cancer prevention in BRCA1-mutation carriers.Nat. Med.2016

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    2016-09-10 liye789132251
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    2016-06-27 oo902

    denosumab很有前景,学习了

    0

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近期发表在Journal of Clinical Oncology的研究称,对于芳香化酶抑制剂治疗后进展的晚期乳腺癌患者,血浆分析ESR1基因突变将有助于识别合适的内分泌治疗。 皇家马斯登NHS信托基金会和伦敦癌症研究所乳腺癌研究中心的Nicholas C. Turner博士和同事对2项3期随机试验(晚期、雌激素受体阳性乳腺癌妇女;SoFEA试验和PALOMA3试验)进行了分析,评估ESR1