Lancet Haematology:解锁更多血型,准确率超99% !基因组测序下的输血新时代来临

2018-05-25 Tierna 生物探索

除了广为人知的A、B、AB和O血型外,红细胞上还有能触发机体免疫反应的数百种不同的血型“抗原”。据FDA报道,每年有多达16人死于与ABO血型不同的红细胞抗原不匹配。目前尚无任何方法可以测定所有的血液抗原。近日,来自哈佛医学院等机构的研究人员开发出一个计算机程序,可以全面、经济、高效地确定个体血型差异,准确率超过99 %。

除了广为人知的A、B、AB和O血型外,红细胞上还有能触发机体免疫反应的数百种不同的血型“抗原”。据FDA报道,每年有多达16人死于与ABO血型不同的红细胞抗原不匹配。目前尚无任何方法可以测定所有的血液抗原。近日,来自哈佛医学院等机构的研究人员开发出一个计算机程序,可以全面、经济、高效地确定个体血型差异,准确率超过99 %。


Credit: Wikimedia Commons

输血是医学上最常见的程序之一,美国每年输血量超过1100万单位。但是,如果血型不适配,输血引起的并发症可能会危及生命。供体细胞上携带的外来抗原会刺激抗体的产生,从而破坏输注的供体细胞。从出生起,人们就有ABO血型特有的抗体,但在怀孕期间,当接受多次输血时,接触胎儿细胞或供体细胞可刺激针对特定血液抗原的其他抗体。

目前,对献血者和患者的大多数检测仅包括ABO血型系统和Rh血型系统匹配,但已知的红细胞抗原有300多种,此外还有33种血小板抗原。为了创造一种经济高效地抗原检测方法,通讯作者作者William J Lane博士与指导MedSeq项目(健康成人全基因组测序的第一个随机试验)的科学家以及纽约血液中心的血型遗传学专家合作,建立了一个数据库,并开发了一种称为血型鉴定器(bloodTyper)的计算机软件算法,该算法可以从基因组序列中快速准确地预测一个人的血型抗原谱。

这项研究结果于5月17日以“Automated typing of red blood cell and platelet antigens: a whole-genome sequencing study”为题发表在《The Lancet Haematology》杂志上。DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-3026(18)30053-X

“这种方法有可能成为基因组学的第一个常规临床应用,为需要输血的患者提供医疗服务,” 第一作者、纽约血液中心的Connie m . Westhoff博士说,“它可以防止严重甚至致命的并发症,因为如果在紧急情况下需要输血,一旦患者过敏,他们就有发生溶血性输血反应的终身风险。”

Lane、Westhoff和同事们通过与传统的、劳动密集型的方法进行比较,进一步验证了该软件。当从MedSeq项目参与者的基因组中进行录入时,血型鉴定的准确率超过99%。

该研究资深作者之一、哈佛医学院Green教授说:“随着全基因组测序成为医疗保健的常规组成部分,这份报告展示了一个前所未有的益处,即利用基因组测序可以确定需要稀有血型的潜在输血接受者和能够安全提供血型的个体。”

原始出处:
Lane WJ, Westhoff CM, Gleadall NS, et al.Automated typing of red blood cell and platelet antigens: a whole-genome sequencing study.Lancet Haematol. 2018 May 17. pii: S2352-3026(18)30053-X. doi: 10.1016/S2352-3026(18)30053-X. [Epub ahead of print]

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    2018-11-01 changfy
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    2018-09-04 howi
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    2018-05-27 windight
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    2018-05-27 fengyi812
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