Nature重磅!糖尿病竟可致癌!复旦专家共揭致癌新通路!

2018-07-20 Ruthy,Zoe 转化医学网

时至今日,我们依旧谈癌色变,而糖尿病和癌症有着千丝万缕的联系,有研究指出糖尿病患者罹患肿瘤的风险增加,且糖尿病患者合并肿瘤的预后及死亡风险增加,同时,治疗糖尿病的药物二甲双胍也在降低癌症风险上展现出优良成效。那么,糖尿病和癌症间是否存在不为人知的联系?7月19日,以复旦大学、复旦大学附属中山医院为首的研究团队在著名学术期刊《Nature》上发表的论文揭示了糖尿病致癌新通路,为癌症防治提供了全新的思

时至今日,我们依旧谈癌色变,而糖尿病和癌症有着千丝万缕的联系,有研究指出糖尿病患者罹患肿瘤的风险增加,且糖尿病患者合并肿瘤的预后及死亡风险增加,同时,治疗糖尿病的药物二甲双胍也在降低癌症风险上展现出优良成效。那么,糖尿病和癌症间是否存在不为人知的联系?7月19日,以复旦大学、复旦大学附属中山医院为首的研究团队在著名学术期刊《Nature》上发表的论文揭示了糖尿病致癌新通路,为癌症防治提供了全新的思路!

我们知道,癌症的发生是一个多因子、多步骤的复杂过程,而表观遗传调控在肿瘤的发生和发展中发挥了重要作用。癌症相关性状的出现并不一定是DNA序列改变的结果,而可能是环境催生生物性状的改变。

也就是说,特定环境可引发一部分健康的基因组产生非正常表达,使机体的抗癌防线逐步失去效用,最终导致癌症的发生。该研究团队指出,糖尿病“创造”的高糖环境,恰恰是引发健康基因组异常表达的“契机”。

那么,糖尿病究竟是如何引发癌症的呢?在说明糖尿病的致癌通路前,必须先聊聊癌症的表观遗传修饰。常见的表观遗传修饰包括DNA甲基化(5mC)和羟甲基化(5hmC),其中5mC可导致肿瘤抑制基因在转录水平上的抑制,而5hmC则参与了基因的去甲基化过程,可促进抑癌基因的表达。

在这表观遗传修饰的过程中,涉及了一个重要的蛋白—TET2蛋白,它可以催化5mC向5hmC的转化,同时,TET2蛋白还是AMP激活激酶(AMPK)的底物,AMPK可以在丝氨酸99处磷酸化TET2,从而保持肿瘤抑制因子的稳定性。

当然这是正常情况下的表观遗传修饰,糖尿病所致的高血糖环境,恰恰打破这种和谐的抑癌状态。研究人员发现,这种高糖环境会显着抑制身体内AMPK的活性,抑制其对TET2蛋白的磷酸化,使TET2蛋白稳定性降低,从而抑制5mC向5hmC的转化。

5hmC减少,就导致肿瘤发生的可能性大大增加。这就相当于多米诺骨牌,糖尿病所致的高糖环境就是一开始的那个“推力”,施加后导致了一系列连锁反应,最终打破了机体正常的抑癌环境,促使肿瘤发生。

既然糖尿病是癌症多米诺骨牌的推力之一,那撤掉这个“力”能否有效降低癌症风险呢?说到撤掉这个“力”,就要提我们常说的“神药”—二甲双胍了,早就有研究指出二甲双胍可以降低一些癌症的发病风险,但具体机制一直不明。

研究人员利用二甲双胍做了相应的细胞和动物实验,发现二甲双胍可以激活AMPK,使其磷酸化下游的TET2蛋白,增强TET2稳定性,促进5mC向5hmC的转化, 从而抑制肿瘤的生长,而且二甲双胍的抑制作用效果明显依赖于TET2,也就是说,药物治疗的关键并非直接降低血糖水平,而是恢复AMPK活性。那是不是说就不要管血糖水平了呢?当然不是,毕竟高血糖对AMPK活性有抑制作用,降低血糖对防治部分肿瘤的发生还是有一定作用的。

这项研究揭示了糖尿病与癌症间与以往代谢视角不同的新通路,同时还指出部分糖尿病治疗药物也能有效地降低部分癌症的风险,这对理解糖尿病与肿瘤发生的关系具有重要意义,为肿瘤防治研究提供了全新的思路。

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    2019-04-05 liye789132251
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    2018-07-22 jambiya
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    2018-07-22 saikp
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    2018-07-22 xxxx1054
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    2018-07-21 Phoenixia

    厉害了

    0

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    2018-07-21 小树熊

    学习了,谢谢

    0

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    2018-07-21 GZphD9

    学习了,谢谢

    0

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    2018-07-20 misszhang

    谢谢MedSci提供最新的资讯

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