Lancet Glob Health:全球妇女和儿童保健情况差异显著,贫富差距有多可怕?

2021-06-03 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

RMNCH指标在12至15个月持续母乳喂养、儿童免疫、出生登记和机构出生方面的覆盖率最高,在最低饮食多样性、发热抗疟治疗、自来水和清洁烹饪燃料方面的覆盖率最低。

关于生殖、孕产妇、新生儿和儿童健康(RMNCH)指标覆盖范围内的社会经济不平等的证据充足,过去十年中很多国际机构、多边组织和诸如世卫组织、联合国儿童基金会等都有相关倡议然而,迄今为止,大多数研究没有系统地比较基本干预措施的覆盖面在多个国家的社会经济不平等方面的差异。

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2003年《柳叶刀》儿童生存系列报告强调了利用适当的提供渠道的重要性,即在社区一级实现高而公平的覆盖率。2008年的一项研究发现,熟练的助产护理和产前护理都是基于卫生设施的干预措施,其社会经济不平等程度比儿童免疫接种更严重,而儿童免疫接种往往是在社区一级提供的。2012年,同样的研究小组也报告了类似的发现。在这些研究中,最多比较了11项干预措施在不平等方面的差异,且没有先验的交付渠道分类。鉴于可持续发展目标承诺不让任何一个人掉线,迫切需要关于如何帮助最脆弱的妇女和儿童的信息。

近日,柳叶刀全球健康发表了一项新的报告,该报告详细描述了生殖、孕产妇、新生儿和儿童健康(RMNCH)干预措施覆盖率方面的全球不平等现象,但对于多个低收入和中等收入国家干预措施覆盖率与社会经济不平等情况如何不同依然知之甚少。这篇报告的目的是评估RMNCH干预覆盖率中与财富相关的不平等之间的关联。

在这项横断面研究中,研究者确定了来自中低收入国家的可公开获得的人口健康调查和多指标聚类调查,包含相关家庭特征、生殖健康、妇女和儿童健康、营养和死亡率的信息。研究了两种与财富相关的国内不平等的简要衡量方法:使用不平等斜率指数(SII)的绝对不平等(类似于贫富家庭儿童的覆盖率差异)和使用集中度指数(CIX)的相对不平等(类似于贫富儿童的覆盖率水平比率)。

在分析纳入的36个中低收入国家中,大多数干预措施的覆盖面在大多数国家都是有利于富人的模式,但有两个母乳喂养指标在贫穷妇女、儿童和家庭中的覆盖面大多高于富裕家庭。环境干预最不平等,特别是清洁燃料的使用。机构分娩和产前护理通常也具有亲富模式。相比之下,主要以社区为基础的干预措施,包括防治疟疾的干预措施,分布更为公平,如口服补液疗法和脊髓灰质炎免疫接种。四种交付渠道的不平等指数差异均显著

2010年36个中低收入国家20项RMNCH干预措施覆盖的绝对(SII)和相对(CIX)社会经济不平等的中位数

总之,在36个中低收入国家(包括21个疟疾流行国家),RMNCH指标在12至15个月持续母乳喂养、儿童免疫、出生登记和机构出生方面的覆盖率最高,在最低饮食多样性、发热抗疟治疗、自来水和清洁烹饪燃料方面的覆盖率最低。对覆盖率和不平等程度进行高级别汇总有助于从全球角度看待这些指标。可在《2030年倒计时》网站上查阅各国的结果分类,该网站使用这些分析中使用的同一个数据库,提供了全国范围和公平概况。

关于持续护理的干预范围的科学文献强调了青少年健康的重要性。虽然可以对青春期女孩进行计划生育和产前和分娩护理干预的单独研究,但28个样本量比所有育龄妇女的样本量都要小,。希望在今后的调查中纳入青少年健康指标将使目前的分析得以扩大。

参考文献:Delivery channels and socioeconomic inequalities in coverage of reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health interventions: analysis of 36 cross-sectional surveys in low-income and middle-income countries. Daniel G P Leventhal, MSc, Prof Inácio Crochemore-Silva, PhD, Luis P Vidaletti, MSc, Nancy Armenta-Paulino, PhD, Prof Aluísio J D Barros, MD, Prof Cesar G Victora, MD Open AccessPublished:May 26, 2021DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(21)00204-7

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    2022-03-01 zhouqu_8
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    2022-04-16 howi
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    2021-06-03 goodbing

    顶刊就是不一样,质量很高,内容精彩!学到很多

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