JAMA Intern Med:醛固酮受体拮抗剂或可有助于STEMI治疗

2018-10-09 佚名 嘉音

在线发表于《JAMA Internal Medicine》杂志上的一项研究表明,ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者没有心力衰竭或左心室射血分数(LVEF)高于40%时,使用醛固酮受体拮抗剂可降低患者的死亡率。

在线发表于《JAMA Internal Medicine》杂志上的一项研究表明,ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者没有心力衰竭或左心室射血分数(LVEF)高于40%时,使用醛固酮受体拮抗剂可降低患者的死亡率。

既往研究证明,对于LVEF低于40%的STEMI患者,使用醛固酮拮抗剂治疗有益。然而,醛固酮拮抗剂在射血分数大于40%或没有充血性心力衰竭的患者中的作用尚不清楚。最近一项荟萃分析显示,醛固酮拮抗剂的治疗对LVEF大于40%或没有心力衰竭的STEMI患者有益。

路易斯安那州立大学健康科学中心的研究人员对10个随机研究进行了荟萃分析,共有4147例STEMI患者入选,这些患者无心力衰竭诊断,LVEF至少为40%。分析结果表明,相比于对照组,使用醛固酮拮抗剂的患者死亡风险降低了38%(2.4% 对 3.9%,P=0.01)。研究人员认为,死亡率降低的可能机制在于类固醇受体拮抗剂预防了心梗后心肌细胞肥厚之前的电重构。其他结果包括醛固酮拮抗剂 “微小而显著的”增加了左室射血分数(平均差1.58%,P=0.03),血钾水平也有小幅升高(平均差0.07mEq/L,P=0.02),目前尚不清楚血钾如此小幅升高有何临床意义。使用醛固酮拮抗剂对于心肌梗死风险、新发充血性心力衰竭、室性心律失常或血清肌酸水平的改变没有明显的影响。

这一研究的结论被描述为“令人振奋和可信的”,但是也有评论认为还需要谨慎对待这一结论。密歇根大学医学院的Bertram Pitt和法国南希洛林大学的Faiez Zannad指出,在入选的研究中有6个研究死亡人数不到10人,没有任何一个单独的研究显示死亡率显著降低。因此他们建议,在临床工作中推广使用这一结论需要更充分的研究进行支持。研究人员也同意,需要进行更有力的随机研究来证实这些发现。

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