欧洲糖尿病研究协会:想做“健康的胖子”? 醒醒吧,别做梦了!

2021-06-18 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

世界上根本不存在健康的胖子。

根据世界卫生组织,2014 年全世界就有 39% 的女性和 38% 的男性(18 岁及以上)超重,并且 15% 的女性及 11% 的男性肥胖。这意味着,在 2014 年全世界就有近 20 亿名成年人超重,其中一半以上,也就是十亿成年人肥胖。 

而我国肥胖人口的数据也很不乐观。2016 年,中国赶超美国,现已成为全球肥胖人口第一大的国家,有 8960 万肥胖人口(美国肥胖人口为 8780 万人), 其中男性占 4320 万人,女性占 4640 万人。

长久以来,我们大都认为肥胖危害健康。但目前也有这样一种观点:做个胖子挺好,要努力做个“健康的胖子”。肥胖和健康,二者到底是相互矛盾,还是可以完美结合?是否“健康的胖子”因为代谢指标正常,就可以避免和血管疾病相挂钩了呢?

2017年,来自英国伯明翰大学的 G. Neil Thomas 博士带领研究团队,专门做了一项关于健康型肥胖和心脑血管疾病的研究,这项史上最大的相关性研究涉及了英国 350 万人,随访时间长达 5.4 年。

在调整了各种影响因素后,研究人员发现,与代谢健康体重正常的人相比,代谢健康但肥胖的人患冠心病的风险增加了 49%,患脑血管疾病的风险增加了 7%,而患心衰的风险增加了 96%!

G. Neil Thomas 博士说:这就再次证实了世界上根本不存在健康的胖子这一说。随后,这项研究发表在了心血管顶级期刊《美国心脏病学会杂志》JACC上。

目前,通常将患有肥胖症且代谢状况正常的人有时被称为 "代谢健康的肥胖症"MHO)。然而,这群人是否真的 "健康 "还不确定。为了研究MHO与广泛的肥胖相关结果的关联,英国格拉斯哥大学心血管专家开展了相关研究,结果发表在欧洲糖尿病研究协会旗下期刊Diabetologia杂志上。

这是一项基于人口的前瞻性队列研究,研究对象是381363名英国生物库参与者,中位随访时间为11.2年。MHO被定义为BMI≥30 kg/m2和六个代谢健康标准中的至少四个。结果包括糖尿病、动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病(ASCVD)、心力衰竭(HF)和呼吸系统疾病。

结果显示,与基线时不肥胖的人相比,有MHO的人发生HF(HR= 1.60;95% CI 1.45, 1.75)和呼吸道疾病(HR=1.20;95% CI 1.16, 1.25)的风险分别增加60%与20%,但ASCVD没有差异。同时,MHO全因死亡率增加12%(HR=1.12),HF的死亡率增加44%(HR=1.44)。

患有MHO的参与者发生糖尿病(HR=4.32;95% CI 3.83, 4.89)的风险是没有肥胖的代谢健康的人的4.32倍,而ASCVD(HR=1.18;95% CI 1.10, 1.27)、HF(HR=1.76;95% CI 1.61, 1.92)、呼吸系统疾病(HR=1.28;95% CI 1.24, 1.33)和全因死亡率(HR=1.22;95% CI 1.14, 1.31)分别增加18%、76%、28%与22%。

综上,无论肥胖患者的代谢健康情况如何,体重管理都十分重要。

 

参考文献:

Are people with metabolically healthy obesity really healthy? A prospective cohort study of 381,363 UK Biobank participants. Diabetologia. 2021 Jun 10. doi: 10.1007/s00125-021-05484-6.

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  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1800989, encodeId=5075180098960, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e8c8e337416' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#研究协会#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=73374, encryptionId=e8c8e337416, topicName=研究协会)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=1376173, createdName=linagood, createdTime=Tue Apr 19 02:20:07 CST 2022, time=2022-04-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=996710, encodeId=b0bf996e1058, content=肥胖量化有临床数据标准吗?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210629/e9400b10040c42c19853620456dabe53/b137ed05fedf4c1b9bf132fd567c1670.jpg, createdBy=0eed5532793, createdName=丫丫笑笑, createdTime=Tue Jul 06 09:22:25 CST 2021, time=2021-07-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=977267, encodeId=9baf9e72679c, content=😳😳好闲我还不算胖, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=61aa2089201, createdName=face, createdTime=Sun Jun 27 12:07:52 CST 2021, time=2021-06-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1339401, encodeId=9ae5133940177, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=447663054f5' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#欧洲#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=63054, encryptionId=447663054f5, topicName=欧洲)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/PiajxSqBRaEKxsKDoOOFxGpMibw6lsQFUIicWt7kWGevkdgFhjiban1icD2JdIBmjVo7qX7aSlCSpiaia382nuLKiaI3Cg/132, createdBy=5c442500150, createdName=ms9474365431325850, createdTime=Sun Jun 20 13:20:07 CST 2021, time=2021-06-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=975075, encodeId=43db9e507529, content=BMI肥胖标准不一样,结果就有偏倚了。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=5c3476572, createdName=zhupeng1670, createdTime=Sun Jun 20 11:02:08 CST 2021, time=2021-06-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1043652, encodeId=3d96104365267, content=谢谢MedSci提供最新的资讯, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=misszhang, createdTime=Sat Jun 19 01:20:07 CST 2021, time=2021-06-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=974763, encodeId=a1fe9e4763b9, content=很棒, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c79b5528790, createdName=ms7000002133742674, createdTime=Fri Jun 18 23:36:27 CST 2021, time=2021-06-18, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-07-06 丫丫笑笑

    肥胖量化有临床数据标准吗?

    0

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    2021-06-27 face

    😳😳好闲我还不算胖

    0

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  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1800989, encodeId=5075180098960, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e8c8e337416' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#研究协会#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=73374, encryptionId=e8c8e337416, topicName=研究协会)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=1376173, createdName=linagood, createdTime=Tue Apr 19 02:20:07 CST 2022, time=2022-04-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=996710, encodeId=b0bf996e1058, content=肥胖量化有临床数据标准吗?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210629/e9400b10040c42c19853620456dabe53/b137ed05fedf4c1b9bf132fd567c1670.jpg, createdBy=0eed5532793, createdName=丫丫笑笑, createdTime=Tue Jul 06 09:22:25 CST 2021, time=2021-07-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=977267, encodeId=9baf9e72679c, content=😳😳好闲我还不算胖, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=61aa2089201, createdName=face, createdTime=Sun Jun 27 12:07:52 CST 2021, time=2021-06-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1339401, encodeId=9ae5133940177, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=447663054f5' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#欧洲#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=63054, encryptionId=447663054f5, topicName=欧洲)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/PiajxSqBRaEKxsKDoOOFxGpMibw6lsQFUIicWt7kWGevkdgFhjiban1icD2JdIBmjVo7qX7aSlCSpiaia382nuLKiaI3Cg/132, createdBy=5c442500150, createdName=ms9474365431325850, createdTime=Sun Jun 20 13:20:07 CST 2021, time=2021-06-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=975075, encodeId=43db9e507529, content=BMI肥胖标准不一样,结果就有偏倚了。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=5c3476572, createdName=zhupeng1670, createdTime=Sun Jun 20 11:02:08 CST 2021, time=2021-06-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1043652, encodeId=3d96104365267, content=谢谢MedSci提供最新的资讯, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=misszhang, createdTime=Sat Jun 19 01:20:07 CST 2021, time=2021-06-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=974763, encodeId=a1fe9e4763b9, content=很棒, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c79b5528790, createdName=ms7000002133742674, createdTime=Fri Jun 18 23:36:27 CST 2021, time=2021-06-18, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-06-20 zhupeng1670

    BMI肥胖标准不一样,结果就有偏倚了。

    0

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    2021-06-19 misszhang

    谢谢MedSci提供最新的资讯

    0

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    2021-06-18 ms7000002133742674

    很棒

    0

拓展阅读

JCEM:为什么会有健康的胖子?

来自澳大利亚的科学家们最近进行了一项研究,他们发现了代谢健康的胖子们所具有的一些关键特征,这些健康肥胖人群不会受到2型糖尿病以及其他一些与肥胖相关的代谢紊乱疾病的困扰。相关研究结果发表在国际学术期刊JCEM上,这项研究对于2型糖尿病以及肥胖治疗具有一定启示。 肥胖通常会给人们带来一些疾病困扰,如2型糖尿病,胰岛素抵抗,高血压以及血脂异常,但非常有趣的是,一些肥胖个体似乎违背了这一"潮流"