Sci Transl Med:耶鲁学者发文:操纵DNA修复+传统癌症治疗

2019-05-27 佚名 生物通

“这种药物对血管形成产生影响,这并不令人感到意外。但它通过PDGF受体对DNA修复的直接影响是完全出乎意料的,”Glazer说。

“这种药物对血管形成产生影响,这并不令人感到意外。但它通过PDGF受体对DNA修复的直接影响是完全出乎意料的,”Glazer说。


Peter M. Glazer

耶鲁癌症中心的研究人员发现,一种被认为用途有限的抗癌药物实际上严重被低估了:这种药物能阻止某些癌细胞修复它们的DNA。

这一研究成果公布在Science Translational Medicine杂志上,研究表明,将这种药物西地尼布(cediranib)与其他药物结合使用,可以对癌症产生致命的打击。

“开发DNA修复抑制剂吸引了不少癌症领域科学家的兴趣,因为它们破坏癌细胞中的DNA,将极大地帮助治疗,如放疗和化疗,”文章的通讯作者,耶鲁大学癌症中心研究治疗放射学系主任Peter M. Glazer教授说。

DNA修复有几种不同的方式,这就是为什么这些特定的抑制剂可能非常有效的原因。“人们正在认识到,操纵DNA修复可能非常有利于提高传统癌症治疗的疗效。”

文章第一作者,Glazer团队成员Alanna Kaplan说:“使用Cediranib来帮助阻止癌细胞修复DNA损伤,可能对许多依赖药物靶向途径的癌症有用。如果我们能够确定依赖于这种途径的癌症,我们就可以针对许多肿瘤。”

Cediranib被开发用于抑制血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)受体,后者能刺激肿瘤需要生长的血管的形成。但它的疗效比美国FDA批准的VEGF途径抑制剂Avastin小。

然而,最近的一项临床试验发现,Cediranib和Olaparib(奥拉帕尼,注册为olaparib,Lynparza)的组合对于特定形式的卵巢癌很有效。Olaparib是第一个被批准的DNA修复药物,可以抑制一种名为PARP的DNA修复酶,并且由于DNA修复基因BRCA1和BRCA2的突变,有望杀死具有DNA修复缺陷的癌细胞。

但是,Cediranib和Olaparib的组合对于没有BRCA1/BRCA2突变的卵巢癌是有效的,因此研究人员启动了不同类型的癌症(包括前列腺癌和肺癌)中测试药物组合的几项临床试验。

Glazer和他的团队想要了解Cediranib为何有如此强大的作用。

研究人员认为,Cediranib通过关闭血管生成,促进血管生长来起作用。阻断血管生成导致肿瘤内的低氧条件,即缺氧。二十年前,Glazer证明,低氧似乎会对DNA修复产生负面影响。简而言之,Cediranib引起的缺氧导致DNA修复不足。

但新研究发现,虽然Cediranib确实有助于阻止肿瘤中新血管的生长,但它的第二种功能可能更强大——它在DNA修复途径的早期阶段关闭DNA修复。“与Olaparib不同,它不会直接阻断DNA修复分子,阻止DNA自身缝合在一起。它会影响DNA修复基因的表达调控,”Glazer说。

Cediranib使肿瘤对Olaparib的作用更敏感,因为它通过称为同源定向修复(HDR)的机制阻止癌细胞修复其DNA。当一条健康的DNA链被用作模板来修复相同但受损的DNA链时,就会发生这种情况。

Cediranib的直接作用是抑制血小板衍生生长因子受体(PDGFR),后者参与细胞生长。因此,该药具有抑制血管生成和肿瘤生长的能力。

“这种药物对血管形成产生影响,这并不令人感到意外。但它通过PDGF受体对DNA修复的直接影响是完全出乎意料的,”Glazer说。

“现在的目标是研究如何扩大这种合成致死率在其他癌症类型治疗中的潜力,”他说。

原始出处:Kaplan AR, Gueble SE, Liu Y, et al. Cediranib suppresses homology-directed DNA repair through down-regulation of BRCA1/2 and RAD51. Sci Transl Med. 2019 May 15

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    2019-06-04 bsmagic9140
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    2019-05-29 jambiya
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