专家解读:提升抗癌药物供应保障能力 创新与仿制缺一不可

2018-08-08 尹莉娜 人民网-人民健康网

我国每年新发癌症病例超350万,死亡病例超200万……据国家癌症中心统计数据显示,癌症已成为我国严重危害健康的重大公共卫生问题之一。日前,国家卫健委有关负责人在接受人民健康采访时表示,我国正采取多项措施,提高抗癌药供应保障能力,努力满足患者用药需求。

我国每年新发癌症病例超350万,死亡病例超200万……据国家癌症中心统计数据显示,癌症已成为我国严重危害健康的重大公共卫生问题之一。日前,国家卫健委有关负责人在接受人民健康采访时表示,我国正采取多项措施,提高抗癌药供应保障能力,努力满足患者用药需求。

如何保证价格低廉的仿制药与进口原研药具备同等治疗效果?怎样平衡仿制与创新二者的关系?抗癌药研发进展、成果如何?对此,人民健康采访了相关部门负责人及医药行业专家进行解读

推进仿制药发展 缓解“有药难及”之痛

长期以来,价格高昂的原研抗癌药一直是令癌症患者难以承受的生命之痛。人民健康从国家药监局了解到,原研药作为原创性的新药,需经过对成千上万种化合物层层筛选和严格的临床试验才得以获准上市。平均需要花费15年左右的研发时间和数亿美元,研发成本很高,因此价格昂贵。而仿制药是在新药二十年专利保护期过期后,复制其主要分子结构制成的,省时省资省力,研发成本低,因此价格不高,可提高患者对药品的可获得性。

早在今年3月,国务院办公厅就印发了《关于改革完善仿制药供应保障及使用政策的意见》(以下简称《意见》),明确指出要促进仿制药研发,提升仿制药质量疗效,提高药品供应保障能力,更好地满足临床用药及公共卫生安全需求。

北京大学医药管理国际研究中心主任史录文认为,国家鼓励仿制药发展政策的出台,就是为了提高患者用药的可及性,保证药品能够以低廉的价格在市场流通,让老百姓买得上、也用得起抗癌“救命药”。

在《意见》中,提升国产药品质量,改变高质量药品市场主要被国外原研药占领现状也被提上了日程。国家卫健委在解读这一新政时指出,改革开放以来,我国仿制药行业取得了快速发展,产业规模不断扩大,数量品种不断丰富,在近17万个药品批文中,95%以上都是仿制药,为保障广大人民群众健康做出了重大贡献。然而,我国仿制药行业大而不强,“多小散乱差”的局面仍然存在,药品质量差异较大。

为此,中国近年来开始启动仿制药质量和疗效一致性评价,督促仿制药与国际标准“对标”,以实现进口原研药的国产替代。

今年年初,原国家食药监总局公布了首批17个通过仿制药一致性评价品种规格目录。与此同时,中国还首次发布上市药品目录集,集中收录具有安全性、有效性和质量可控性的药品,并确定参比制剂和标准制剂。

“除了国家政策,国内药企的表现也至关重要,比如能不能仿制得出来、研发动力在哪里、是否有收益回报等。”史录文同时表示,推进仿制药发展并非朝夕之事,目前我国有关部门已在全产业链上做出了相关部署,但仍有一段比较长的路要走。

激励新药研发 让患者用上“质优价廉”药品

完善仿制抗癌药供应保障及使用可以解决当下的用药可负担性,但要保证患者未来长期用得上药、用得起药,还要提高我国医药领域的自主创新能力,促进医药产业可持续发展。

“过去我们国家的医药产业与国际有着很大差距,用药选择一直受制于人;但近年来现在国内的许多药企的创新能力增强,国产新药陆续上市,国际竞争能力明显提高。市场竞争增加,才能从根本上降低药价。”中国药科大学医疗保障政策研究中心副主任常峰表示,国家在推进仿制药发展的同时加大抗癌药研发力度,激励新药创制,是为了保证未来有药可医,从长远角度保护患者的利益。

史录文也指出,强调创新与仿制并重,才能激励药品行业不断创新,让患者未来有机会用上更加质优价廉的药品。

因此,建立完善激励新药研创机制,成为提高我国抗癌药供应保障能力,推动医药行业可持续发展的一大关键点。对此,国家卫健委有关部门负责人表示,这涉及到诸多方面。首先在资金方面,通过中央财政加大投入引导地方政府和社会资金向新药研发方面倾斜,保证新药研发的资金到位。其次在政策方面,则更需要在全链条上打“组合拳”,包括加快审批流上市、进医保、招标采购进入医院,以及减少流通环节的层级,降低销售成本等各方面多管齐下,才能让老百姓更多、更早地用上创新药。

为加大抗癌药研发力度,我国于2008年启动实施“重大新药创制”科技重大专项,这是以实际应用和产业发展为导向的任务型科研项目。截至2017年底,已立项课题1700余项,包括抗癌药在内的一大批品种获得新药证书,有8个抗肿瘤药获得1类新药证书。

今年5月,用于治疗肺癌的国产原研药安罗替尼获CFDA批准上市。据新药专项工作组人员透露,下半年还会有几个抗肿瘤的药物,包括生物药和小分子靶向药陆续完成,如治疗乳腺癌的吡咯替尼、用于免疫治疗的抗癌新药PD-1等都有望上市,进一步解决临床需求。

同时,新药专项还对临床急需的大品种给予支持,改造200余种临床急需品种,涉及国家基本药物80余种,药品质量大幅提升。“随着新药专项工作十年来的厚积‘爆发’,我国自主研制的创新药成果逐步发布,与国外的差距也会越来越小。”国家卫健委有关负责人表示。

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    2018-08-25 zwjnj2

    好好学习认真的学习

    0

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    2018-08-16 zwjnj2

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    2018-08-10 sunylz

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