Clin Infect Dis:依法韦仑升高自杀风险几何?START试验结果令人大惊失色

2018-08-17 吴星 环球医学

依法韦仑(EFV),一直是一线抗逆转录病毒治疗(ART)的首选。世界卫生组织(WHO)指南推荐,EFV应用于所有人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)阳性成人和青少年,最好作为固定剂量复合制剂的一部分。EFV通常耐受良好,但其神经精神不良反应可导致治疗改变或严重的临床并发症。

依法韦仑(EFV),一直是一线抗逆转录病毒治疗(ART)的首选。世界卫生组织(WHO)指南推荐,EFV应用于所有人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)阳性成人和青少年,最好作为固定剂量复合制剂的一部分。EFV通常耐受良好,但其神经精神不良反应可导致治疗改变或严重的临床并发症。

2018年7月,英国、美国、西班牙等国学者在《Clin Infect Dis》发表了抗逆转录病毒治疗时机(START)试验的最新分析结果,探讨了使用EFV造成的自杀行为风险。

START试验将高CD4细胞计数的人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)阳性初治成年患者,随机分配到立即vs推迟抗逆转录病毒治疗(ART)组中。

在随机分组前选择初始ART方案(预先设定)。根据意愿治疗,在开始ART时审查了推迟组的参与者后,研究者使用成比例风险模型比较了立即vs推迟ART组的自杀率和自我伤害行为率(自杀行为),并对接受EFV和其他预先设定方案的参与者分开分析。

4684名参与者中,271人(5.8%)既往已经诊断为精神病。3515人(75%)预先设定EFV,有精神病诊断的患者(40%)少于无精神病诊断的患者(77%)。

虽然总体意愿治疗比较表明,组间的自杀行为无差异,但是亚组分析表明,初始EFV而非其他ART,与自杀行为风险的增加相关。当推迟组在开始ART且开始随访时,预先设定的EFV,立即vs推迟的HR为3.31,预先设定其他ART的HR为1.04。立即组中,不论预先设定的治疗组如何,既往诊断精神病患者的风险较高。

与未经ART治疗的对照相比,立即ART组中使用EFV的参与者的自杀行为风险增加。既往诊断精神病的患者风险较高。

在一般人群中,严重抑郁症和其他严重精神疾病患者的自杀风险较高。在本研究中,直接ART组中自杀行为的最强预测因素,是既往诊断精神病,包括使用EFV和其他ART的患者。

鉴于精神疾病患者自杀行为的绝对风险较高,该研究结果支持国家和地区指南中的推荐,即EFV暴露与自杀行为之间具有相关性,应避免为既往或当前患精神疾病的患者开具EFV处方。

专家点评:随着ART治疗的普及,HIV患者的生存率得到提高,因而药物带来的自杀风险引起了较大的关注,尤其是一线治疗中的重要组成依法韦伦,本研究为高风险人群的用药提供了参考。

原始出处:

Arenas-Pinto A, Grund B, Sharma S, et.al. Risk of Suicidal Behavior With Use of Efavirenz: Results from the Strategic Timing of Antiretroviral Treatment Trial. Clin Infect Dis. 2018 Jul 18;67(3):420-429. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciy051.

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    2018-08-27 huangshang9812

    哈哈哈,学习了

    0

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    2018-08-19 zhaojie88
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    2018-08-17 329523732

    不错

    0

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