PNAS:揭示细胞运动的秘密 有助于理解癌症扩散和伤口愈合

2016-11-21 生物通 叶予 生物通 叶予

活细胞会对生化信号做出应答,向高浓度的地方运动。其实细胞也会应答机械力,只不过人们对这种活动还知之甚少。Johns Hopkins大学的研究人员在美国国家科学院院刊PNAS杂志发表文章指出,细胞使用同样的分子网络对化学和机械信号做出反应,将可能相互冲突的信号结合起来形成统一的路径。  “在现实生活中,化学信号并不会单独出现,”Johns Hopkins大学的Peter Devreotes

活细胞会对生化信号做出应答,向高浓度的地方运动。其实细胞也会应答机械力,只不过人们对这种活动还知之甚少。Johns Hopkins大学的研究人员在美国国家科学院院刊PNAS杂志发表文章指出,细胞使用同样的分子网络对化学和机械信号做出反应,将可能相互冲突的信号结合起来形成统一的路径。  


“在现实生活中,化学信号并不会单独出现,”Johns Hopkins大学的Peter Devreotes教授说。“我们的实验帮助解释它们如何接收多种来源的定向线索,并将其整合起来指导自己的运动。”  

研究人员对单细胞的阿米巴虫(Dictyostelium discoideum)分别放在两个培养皿里。一个培养皿加入化学信号cAMP,轻轻摇晃使其均匀分布。另一个培养皿什么都不加,但作为对照同样进行摇晃。他们惊讶的发现,细胞在两个培养皿中做出了相同的应答。研究人员推测,对照培养皿应答了液体的机械流动(剪应力),与应答化学信号的方式相同。  

为了验证这一理论,他们将细胞放在有剪应力的小室中进行研究。研究表明,细胞对剪应力做出了典型的趋化应答。细胞运动在胚胎发育、肿瘤转移、伤口愈合和免疫应答中是至关重要的。这项研究的发现可以帮助人们进一步理解这些生物学过程。  

德累斯顿工业大学开发的RT-DC技术能对大量细胞(>100,000个细胞)进行持续快速的细胞机械力分析。研究显示,RT-DC比之前的机械力分析技术快一万倍,每秒可分析超过100个细胞。这种无标记的分析方法为流式细胞分析添加了新的维度,有着广阔的应用前景。

我们知道,基质硬度能够影响细胞的行为。加州大学的研究人员发现,乳腺组织的硬度与肿瘤转移和患者预后差有关。他们在Nature Cell Biology杂志上发表文章,解析了肿瘤硬度促进癌扩散的分子机制。这项研究为人们提供了判断患者预后和阻止肿瘤转移的新途径。

随着生活节奏的加快和社会压力的增大,我国的不孕不育患者已超过了5000万。越来越多的人们开始求助于体外受精技术IVF,也就是我们常说的试管婴儿。Nature Communications杂志发表的一项新技术,使体外受精(IVF)的胚胎筛选变得像挑水果一样简单。斯坦福大学的研究人员指出,在受精后一小时捏一捏受精卵的硬度就能非常准确预测它的活力,太硬或者太软都不合适。

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    2017-01-24 drwjr
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    2016-11-21 stomach

    首次揭示细胞运动与伤口愈合,值得外科大夫深入研究。

    0