Alzheimers Dementia:血液淀粉样蛋白指标,可预测长期痴呆风险

2022-03-16 Freeman MedSci原创

血液中特定的淀粉样蛋白指标,可预测长期痴呆风险

基于血液的生物标志物是阿尔茨海默病(AD)诊断、预后和预测的下一个挑战。自2007年以来,脑脊液(CSF)淀粉样β(Aβ)1-42或Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40比率、tau、磷酸化tau(p-tau)、正电子发射断层扫描(PET)淀粉样生物标志物被用作病理生理学生物标志物,与拓扑学生物标志物(临床、神经心理学和脑成像)相结合,在研究和日常临床实践中确定AD诊断。它们检测早期AD和有可能发展为AD。随着靶向药物和认知衰退前的预防策略的发展,需要验证非侵入性的、可重复的和易于使用的工具,以预先筛查有发生AD和转化为痴呆风险的对象。

最近,血浆Aβ1-42或Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40比率被发现与CSF Aβ1-42或CSF Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40比率明显相关。血浆Aβ1-42和Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40比率也可以预测PET淀粉样蛋白的阳性,在老年认知正常人和MCI及AD患者中具有良好的敏感性和特异性。然而,血浆Aβ生物标志物的预后相关性还有待充分验证。

对血浆Aβ水平的研究评估了血浆Aβ生物标志物的利益,得出了相互矛盾的结果。最后,在一些大型社区队列中发现,低血浆Aβ1-42或Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40比率与转化为痴呆症有关。然而,在其他队列中,这种关联并没有被证实。

除了Aβ1-42和Aβ40,可溶性淀粉样前体蛋白α(sAPPα)和β(sAPPβ)也是AD患者CSF中很有希望的新生物标志物30,31,最近又在血液中发现了。然而,这些结果还没有在其他研究中得到证实。已观察到sAPPα在对Aβ1-42低聚物的反应中出现短暂的增加,表明sAPPα水平可能随患者的临床分期而变化。

藉此, 法国巴黎大学的Olivier Hanon等人,在大规模纵向多中心BALTAZAR(淀粉样肽和阿尔茨海默病风险的生物标志物)队列中探究了血浆中Aβ1-42、Aβ1-40、Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40比率和sAPPα的浓度是否能预测从MCI到痴呆,尤其是AD的转化,并进行了为期3年的随访。

BALTAZAR研究的轻度认知障碍(MCI)参与者共有N = 485,这是一个大规模的纵向多中心队列,被随访了3年。其中总共有165人转为痴呆(95%为AD)。用Logistic和Cox模型分析了转换与血浆淀粉样β(Aβ)1-42、Aβ1-40、Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40比率之间的关系。

他们发现:与非转换者相比,转换者的血浆Aβ1-42水平较低(P值=0.03),Aβ1-42 /Aβ1-40比率较低(P值=0.02)

Aβ1-42 /Aβ1-40比率最高的四分位数(>0.169)的MCI参与者的转换风险明显较低(经年龄、性别、教育、脂蛋白Eε4、海马萎缩调整的危险比=0.52(95%置信区间[0.31-0.86],P值=0.01)。

该研究的重要意义在于发现了:在这个大队列的MCI受试者中,他们发现了一个血浆Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40比率的阈值,可能会发现3年内转化为痴呆的低风险患者。


原文出处:
Hanon O, Vidal J, Lehmann S, et al. Plasma amyloid beta predicts conversion to dementia in subjects with mild cognitive impairment: The BALTAZAR study. Alzheimer’s & Dementia. Published online February 20, 2022:alz.12613. doi:10.1002/alz.12613

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    2023-01-23 anminleiryan
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    2022-03-11 neuro.Dr

    老年性痴呆,未来还是希望借助神经电生理吧,也许更为有效!

    0

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拓展阅读

Eur J Prev Cardiol:糖尿病和冠状动脉疾病是痴呆的危险因素

糖尿病合并冠心病与痴呆的发病率增加有关,特别是血管性痴呆,这表明糖尿病相关的痴呆风险部分是通过伴随的动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病介导的。

Annals of Neurology:减缓衰老,还降低痴呆风险!这种饮食模式或将成为研究大热门

一项来自美国的研究发现,坚持MIND饮食与痴呆症患病风险和死亡率的降低有关。作者表明,健康饮食能够减缓衰老对人体的影响,包括对大脑的影响。

超65万人研究:注意力不集中、思维混乱……老年人有这些表现,痴呆风险高3倍!

谵妄是导致老年人痴呆和死亡的强有力危险因素,相比于无谵妄发作的患者,至少有一次谵妄发作的住院老年患者新确诊痴呆的风险高出3倍,每增加一次谵妄发作,痴呆风险增加20%。

警惕中老年“胖瘦子”!新研究:肌肉流失和过度肥胖或与痴呆、死亡相关

一项基于人群的前瞻性队列研究基于英国生物银行的数据,探索了肌肉减少性肥胖和肌肉减少症与痴呆风险的关系,发现肌肉减少性肥胖和肌肉减少症分别与不同程度的痴呆风险增加相关。

JAMDA:高血脂能让痴呆风险升高51%!

,Journal of the American Medical Directors Association发表一项纵向队列研究,表明确诊高脂血症的年龄越小,后续发生痴呆的风险就越高。

痴呆风险升高51%!北大&协和医学院团队研究:高血脂的人要注意

近日,Journal of the American Medical Directors Association发表一项纵向队列研究,表明确诊高脂血症的年龄越小,后续发生痴呆的风险就越高。

2023 国际指南:体力活动和锻炼用于轻度认知障碍和痴呆的预防和管理

国外神经内科相关专家小组(统称) · 2023-09-28

痴呆患者睡眠障碍管理的最佳证据总结

江苏医药职业学院 · 2023-03-22

痴呆诊断中PET临床合理化应用中国专家共识(2021版)

中国微循环学会神经变性病专业委员会 · 2021-11-25

痴呆诊断中 PET 临床合理化应用中国专家共识 (2021版)

中国微循环学会神经变性病专业委员会 · 2021-11-25

中药新药用于痴呆的临床研究技术指导原则(征求意见稿)

国家药品监督管理局药品审评中心(CDE) · 2019-10-31