将人脑和“云脑”连接 医用纳米机器人或能延长人类寿命

2017-02-25 黄晓秋 科普中国

有关专家预言,用不了多久,个头只有分子大小的神奇纳米机器人将源源不断地进入人类的日常生活。中国科学家和未来学家周海中教授在1990年发表的《论机器人》一文中甚至预言,到21世纪中叶,纳米机器人将彻底改变人类的工作和生活方式。

祛除寄生虫的纳米机器人(想象示意图)

纳米机器人(nanorobots)通常是指按照分子水平的生物学原理设计制造的可对纳米(1纳米等于10亿分之1米)空间进行操作的“功能分子器件”。由于纳米机器人是根据分子生物学原理为设计原型,其研发也属于“分子仿生学”的范畴,所以纳米机器人也可称为“分子机器人”。随着纳米时代的到来,纳米机器人已经成为当前研究的热点。不少科学家都看好纳米机器人的应用前景和实用价值,一些发达国家还制定了相关的战略性计划,投入巨资抢占纳米机器人战略高地。

纳米机器人是纳米生物学中最具诱惑力的内容,相关资料显示:第一代纳米机器人是生物系统和机械系统的有机结合体;第二代纳米机器人是直接从原子或分子装配成具有特定功能的纳米尺度的分子装置;第三代纳米机器人将包含有纳米计算机,是一种可以进行人机对话的装置。当前纳米机器人的研发工作已从第一代发展到了第二代,而第三代纳米机器人目前还处于设想阶段。

摧毁癌细胞的纳米机器人(想象示意图)

有关专家预言,用不了多久,个头只有分子大小的神奇纳米机器人将源源不断地进入人类的日常生活。中国科学家和未来学家周海中教授在1990年发表的《论机器人》一文中甚至预言,到21世纪中叶,纳米机器人将彻底改变人类的工作和生活方式。

纳米机器人在许多领域都有着极其广泛的应用前景,其中最重要、最迫切的就是在医疗卫生领域的应用。有关专家指出,医用纳米机器人可注入人体血管内,进行血管养护、健康检查、疾病治疗和器官修复等,还可从基因中除去有害的DNA(脱氧核糖核酸),或把正常的DNA安装在基因中,使机体正常运行。在不久的将来,被视为当今疑难病症的艾滋病、高血压、癌症等都将迎刃而解;届时人类将会减少疾病所带来的痛苦,人的寿命也将得到延长。

修复红细胞的纳米机器人(想象示意图)

近年来,医用纳米机器人的研发取得不少可喜的成果。例如,由加拿大蒙特利尔大学、意大利罗马大学和美国加州大学的科学家组成的国际研究团队最近研发出一种新型的纳米机器人——DNA纳米机器人,该机器人的定制修改特性可支持识别特定的目标抗体。有关专家认为,这项研究成果将给目前缓慢、繁琐且昂贵的抗体检测过程带来革命性变化,有助于诊断风湿性关节炎、艾滋病病毒等感染和其他自身免疫性疾病,从而及早发现病情,节约医疗成本。又如,2012年7月美国佛罗里达大学的科学家研制出一种能够100%地杀灭丙肝病毒的纳米机器人。再如,2013年6月日本东北大学的科学家开发成功可摧毁癌细胞的纳米机器人;同年12月韩国全南大学的科学家研发出可对大肠癌、乳腺癌胃癌、肺癌和肝癌等高发性癌症进行诊断和治疗的纳米机器人。

关闭致病蛋白质的纳米机器人(想象示意图)

医用纳米机器人目前仍处于研发试验阶段,还未能进入临床实用阶段;但可以肯定的是,在不久的将来,纳米机器人将会给医学带来巨大的变革。前不久,美国发明家和未来学家雷·科兹威尔博士在接受《华尔街日报》采访时指出,医用纳米机器人将来把人脑和云脑(云计算系统)连接起来,届时就可以提高人类智力和延长人类寿命。让我们期待这一天早日到来。

植入大脑的纳米机器人(想象示意图)

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    2017-02-27 lyh994

    很好。推荐两本相关书籍,我们医学领域要提前好好应对:《奇点临近》,《必然》。

    0

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    2017-02-27 xue8602
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