Nat Commun:月经出血量过多吃药能解决吗?英国科学家发现治疗新靶点

2018-01-24 吴跃伟 澎湃新闻

来自英国爱丁堡大学和比利时鲁汶大学的研究人员研究发现,女性子宫内膜的缺氧状况对其月经中的出血量存在重要影响。一种被称为 HIF-1(缺氧诱导因子)蛋白质在这一过程中扮演重要角色。当子宫内膜缺氧时,HIF- 1 蛋白质水平得以维持,它促进了子宫内膜的修复,帮助止血。而一种正在测试中药物可能帮助月经出血量过多(HMB,月经过多)的患者。

女性生理周期中失血过多,可能导致其健康状况和生活质量严重下降,如贫血。部分患者甚至需要输血或手术来减轻其症状。

来自英国爱丁堡大学和比利时鲁汶大学的研究人员研究发现,女性子宫内膜的缺氧状况对其月经中的出血量存在重要影响。一种被称为 HIF-1(缺氧诱导因子)蛋白质在这一过程中扮演重要角色。当子宫内膜缺氧时,HIF- 1 蛋白质水平得以维持,它促进了子宫内膜的修复,帮助止血。而一种正在测试中药物可能帮助月经出血量过多(HMB,月经过多)的患者。

1 月 24 日零时,该论文在线发表在国际学术期刊《自然·通讯》上。

这一研究结果或许终结了一个长达 70 多年学术争论:缺氧在月经过程中是否有作用。人们此前根据不同的生物模型得出了截然相反的结论。

女性体内激素水平的变化维持了她们大约 28 天的生理周期。当她们处于生理期,其子宫内膜脱落,导致出血。

英国国立卫生研究机构 NICE(国家卫生与临床优化研究院)官网的临床指南援引不同样本量的研究结果称,目前研究中,以每次月经出血量超过 60 毫升或 80 毫升,当作月经过多(HMB)判断标准。但 NICE 认为在临床诊断中应当兼顾主观标准:当月经出血量干扰到患者的健康、社会活动、情感生活等,并出现一种或多种临床症状时,就可以诊断为月经过多。而相应的干预手段以改善生活质量为目标。

医疗专业网站丁香园报道称,正常月经量约为 20-60 毫升。对于月经过多的判断,除了月经量超过 80 毫升,但大多依赖主观感受,医生主要的参考指标还有血红蛋白水平。如果一位女性患有贫血(血红蛋白低于 120 g/L),除了月经量多之外没有其他原因可以解释贫血,就可以判断为月经过多。

HIF- 1 此前就已被人们发现。当氧气充足时,HIF- 1 的α亚基被羟化,这导致它迅速被蛋白酶体降解。HIF- 1 是细胞对缺氧产生生理反应的主要调控因子,像个信号灯。在人体的其他组织,血管生成、有丝分裂、细胞凋亡、炎症等过程都少不了 HIF- 1 的参与。HIF- 1 加速伤口的愈合。但它在子宫内膜中的生理作用一直是个谜。

研究人员检测发现,与健康人群相比,月经过多的患者子宫内膜中 HIF- 1 的含量更低。但在转录水平,二者没有明显的差异。所以,他们判断,某一未知因素导致健康女性子宫内膜中 HIF- 1 的稳定性更好。值得注意的是,参与试验的女性志愿者的月经周期都属于正常范围。

小鼠模型证实,当 HIF- 1 匮乏时,其子宫内膜的修复不再及时。研究人员通过提高室内氧气浓度为 21%,以及 HIF- 1 相关的基因缺陷型小鼠证实了上述结论。

当研究人员使用抑制剂 DMOG,来稳定 HIF-1α亚基,减缓其被降解的速度,小鼠的子宫内膜损伤开始加速修复。但类似现象是否会在人类身上重现,尚有待检验。

研究人员称,类似的抑制剂最近已进入临床试验用于治疗慢性肾病相关的贫血症,试验结果显示人体耐受度良好。这一药物给月经过多患者也带来了希望。

原始出处:

Jacqueline A. Maybin, Alison A. Murray, Philippa T. K. Saunders, et al. Hypoxia and hypoxia inducible factor-1α are required for normal endometrial repair during menstruation. Nature Communications 9, Article number: 295 (2018).

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    2018-05-20 liuli5079
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    2018-09-06 liye789132251
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    2018-01-26 lsndxfj
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    2018-01-26 luwei00
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