Nature:藏族人群适应高原因气候的关键基因EPAS1

2014-07-04 MedSci MedSci原创

由华大基因研究院(BGI)和加州大学领导的一个国际研究小组发布了他们最新的重大研究发现,表明藏族人能够适应高原气候有可能是由于来自灭绝丹尼索瓦人(Denisovans)或与丹尼索瓦人有亲缘关系的个体的DNA渗入到人类所致。 这项发表在《自然》(Nature)杂志上的研究工作,提供了人类对于包括极限温度、新病原体和高海拔等各种环境适应的新认识。其他的重要合作机构还包括有拉萨人民医院、华南理工大

由华大基因研究院(BGI)和加州大学领导的一个国际研究小组发布了他们最新的重大研究发现,表明藏族人能够适应高原气候有可能是由于来自灭绝丹尼索瓦人(Denisovans)或与丹尼索瓦人有亲缘关系的个体的DNA渗入到人类所致。

这项发表在《自然》(Nature)杂志上的研究工作,提供了人类对于包括极限温度、新病原体和高海拔等各种环境适应的新认识。其他的重要合作机构还包括有拉萨人民医院、华南理工大学等。

在数千年前藏人迁移到高原之后,一种不同寻常的基因变异便普遍存在于他们体内。该基因调控了机体的血红蛋白生成。这种变异使得他们能够在海拔15,000英尺以上的地区低氧条件下生存,而大多数人在高海拔地区血液会变得粘稠,导致心血管问题。

论 文的主要作者、加州大学伯克利分校整合生物学教授Rasmus Nielsen说:“我们有非常明确的证据证实,这一版本的基因来自丹尼索瓦人。丹尼索瓦人是人类的神秘近亲,4万-5万年前他们在来自近代人类的压力下 灭绝。该研究非常清楚且直接地表明了,人类从其他的物种那里获得基因,进化并适应了新的环境。”

他说,这是第一次明确地证实,来自另一人类物种的基因帮助了现代人类适应他们的环境。

在 血液中的含氧量降低时,这一叫做EPAS1的基因被激活,触发生成更多的血红蛋白。因为在低海拔地区,这一基因的某些变异可帮助运动员迅速增加血红蛋白, 由此提高他们的血液携氧能力,增加耐力,该基因被称作为超级运动(superathlete)基因。然而在高海拔地区,EPAS1基因的 常见变异会导致血红蛋白和红细胞过度增多,增高血液粘稠度,导致高血压、心脏病发作以及低出生体重婴儿,提高婴儿的死亡率。存在于藏族人中的这一变异体在 高海拔地区只会轻微提高血红蛋白和红细胞水平,避免了大多数迁移至13,000英尺以上高海拔地区人们中见到的一些副作用。

Nielsen说:“我们发现藏族人EPAS1基因的一部分与丹尼索瓦人的这一基因几乎完全相同,与所有其他的人类存在很大差异。我们进行了统计学分析,证实这一定是来自丹尼索瓦人。没有其他的途经可以解释这一数据。”

在这项研究中,研究人员对40名藏人和40名汉族个体的EPAS1基因周围区域进行了重测序,发现藏族人的这一基因包含一个存在高度差异的单体型, 其只存在于丹尼索瓦人基因组而不存在于世界各地其他的种群中。
 
基于他们的研究发现,研究人员认为藏族人的祖先有可能与丹尼索瓦人进行了交配。并且这一基因从丹尼索瓦人流动到藏族人,有可能促进了藏族人适应恶劣的高海拔环境。

华大基因研究院研究员金鑫(Xin Jin)说:“我们在藏族人基因组中发现了与丹尼索瓦人类似的DNA表明,来自其他古人类的基因流有可能促进了适应局部环境。这一独特的研究发现或许可以帮助我们在未来重新审视类似的快速进化案例。”

华 大基因的研究员Asan Ciren说:“现代人类和古人类之间的亲缘关系是当前古人类学的一个热点。发现藏族人选择性的EPAS1单体型存在于丹尼索瓦人中,不仅证实了来自丹尼索瓦人或与之相似人群的古老基因流向藏族人的这种可能性,还表明了这样的事件在现代人地方性适应中的重要作用。”

原始出处:

Emilia Huerta-Sánchez, Xin Jin,et al.Altitude adaptation in Tibetans caused by introgression of Denisovan-like DNA .Nature doi:10.1038/nature13408

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    2014-08-07 liye789132251
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    2014-07-06 gwc384
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1986850, encodeId=c99d198685022, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d92e301e1a2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#关键基因#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=30171, encryptionId=d92e301e1a2, topicName=关键基因)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ec9955, createdName=windight, createdTime=Fri May 08 17:51:00 CST 2015, time=2015-05-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1880155, encodeId=e5af18801556f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Thu Aug 07 10:51:00 CST 2014, time=2014-08-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1426587, encodeId=aa30142658eff, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=221d685172' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#EPA#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=6851, encryptionId=221d685172, topicName=EPA)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=4a9b4077760, createdName=gwc384, createdTime=Sun Jul 06 11:51:00 CST 2014, time=2014-07-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1441475, encodeId=515014414e531, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9bdc884e39d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#藏族#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=88473, encryptionId=9bdc884e39d, topicName=藏族)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=3de94846329, createdName=ms49895894946433513521, createdTime=Sun Jul 06 11:51:00 CST 2014, time=2014-07-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1574847, encodeId=b0f515e484748, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6d6210228935' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#高原#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=102289, encryptionId=6d6210228935, topicName=高原)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=687116029883, createdName=jmtang, createdTime=Sun Jul 06 11:51:00 CST 2014, time=2014-07-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=10242, encodeId=a28a1024228, content=不是HIF1α起作用?这不是低氧诱导因子,实现低氧适应的机制吗?怎么变成EPAS1基因,没听过, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=111, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=chen, createdTime=Fri Jul 04 22:12:00 CST 2014, time=2014-07-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=10232, encodeId=27201023253, content=都是牛人一枚!发了这么多好文章, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=pingwu, createdTime=Fri Jul 04 22:06:00 CST 2014, time=2014-07-04, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1986850, encodeId=c99d198685022, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d92e301e1a2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#关键基因#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=30171, encryptionId=d92e301e1a2, topicName=关键基因)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ec9955, createdName=windight, createdTime=Fri May 08 17:51:00 CST 2015, time=2015-05-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1880155, encodeId=e5af18801556f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Thu Aug 07 10:51:00 CST 2014, time=2014-08-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1426587, encodeId=aa30142658eff, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=221d685172' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#EPA#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=6851, encryptionId=221d685172, topicName=EPA)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=4a9b4077760, createdName=gwc384, createdTime=Sun Jul 06 11:51:00 CST 2014, time=2014-07-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1441475, encodeId=515014414e531, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9bdc884e39d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#藏族#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=88473, encryptionId=9bdc884e39d, topicName=藏族)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=3de94846329, createdName=ms49895894946433513521, createdTime=Sun Jul 06 11:51:00 CST 2014, time=2014-07-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1574847, encodeId=b0f515e484748, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6d6210228935' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#高原#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=102289, encryptionId=6d6210228935, topicName=高原)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=687116029883, createdName=jmtang, createdTime=Sun Jul 06 11:51:00 CST 2014, time=2014-07-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=10242, encodeId=a28a1024228, content=不是HIF1α起作用?这不是低氧诱导因子,实现低氧适应的机制吗?怎么变成EPAS1基因,没听过, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=111, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=chen, createdTime=Fri Jul 04 22:12:00 CST 2014, time=2014-07-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=10232, encodeId=27201023253, content=都是牛人一枚!发了这么多好文章, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=pingwu, createdTime=Fri Jul 04 22:06:00 CST 2014, time=2014-07-04, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2014-07-06 jmtang
  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1986850, encodeId=c99d198685022, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d92e301e1a2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#关键基因#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=30171, encryptionId=d92e301e1a2, topicName=关键基因)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ec9955, createdName=windight, createdTime=Fri May 08 17:51:00 CST 2015, time=2015-05-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1880155, encodeId=e5af18801556f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Thu Aug 07 10:51:00 CST 2014, time=2014-08-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1426587, encodeId=aa30142658eff, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=221d685172' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#EPA#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=6851, encryptionId=221d685172, topicName=EPA)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=4a9b4077760, createdName=gwc384, createdTime=Sun Jul 06 11:51:00 CST 2014, time=2014-07-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1441475, encodeId=515014414e531, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9bdc884e39d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#藏族#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=88473, encryptionId=9bdc884e39d, topicName=藏族)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=3de94846329, createdName=ms49895894946433513521, createdTime=Sun Jul 06 11:51:00 CST 2014, time=2014-07-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1574847, encodeId=b0f515e484748, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6d6210228935' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#高原#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=102289, encryptionId=6d6210228935, topicName=高原)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=687116029883, createdName=jmtang, createdTime=Sun Jul 06 11:51:00 CST 2014, time=2014-07-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=10242, encodeId=a28a1024228, content=不是HIF1α起作用?这不是低氧诱导因子,实现低氧适应的机制吗?怎么变成EPAS1基因,没听过, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=111, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=chen, createdTime=Fri Jul 04 22:12:00 CST 2014, time=2014-07-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=10232, encodeId=27201023253, content=都是牛人一枚!发了这么多好文章, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=pingwu, createdTime=Fri Jul 04 22:06:00 CST 2014, time=2014-07-04, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2014-07-04 chen

    不是HIF1α起作用?这不是低氧诱导因子,实现低氧适应的机制吗?怎么变成EPAS1基因,没听过

    0

  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1986850, encodeId=c99d198685022, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d92e301e1a2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#关键基因#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=30171, encryptionId=d92e301e1a2, topicName=关键基因)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ec9955, createdName=windight, createdTime=Fri May 08 17:51:00 CST 2015, time=2015-05-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1880155, encodeId=e5af18801556f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Thu Aug 07 10:51:00 CST 2014, time=2014-08-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1426587, encodeId=aa30142658eff, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=221d685172' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#EPA#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=6851, encryptionId=221d685172, topicName=EPA)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=4a9b4077760, createdName=gwc384, createdTime=Sun Jul 06 11:51:00 CST 2014, time=2014-07-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1441475, encodeId=515014414e531, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9bdc884e39d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#藏族#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=88473, encryptionId=9bdc884e39d, topicName=藏族)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=3de94846329, createdName=ms49895894946433513521, createdTime=Sun Jul 06 11:51:00 CST 2014, time=2014-07-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1574847, encodeId=b0f515e484748, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6d6210228935' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#高原#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=102289, encryptionId=6d6210228935, topicName=高原)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=687116029883, createdName=jmtang, createdTime=Sun Jul 06 11:51:00 CST 2014, time=2014-07-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=10242, encodeId=a28a1024228, content=不是HIF1α起作用?这不是低氧诱导因子,实现低氧适应的机制吗?怎么变成EPAS1基因,没听过, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=111, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=chen, createdTime=Fri Jul 04 22:12:00 CST 2014, time=2014-07-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=10232, encodeId=27201023253, content=都是牛人一枚!发了这么多好文章, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=pingwu, createdTime=Fri Jul 04 22:06:00 CST 2014, time=2014-07-04, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2014-07-04 pingwu

    都是牛人一枚!发了这么多好文章

    0