J Virol:我国艾滋病感染粘膜疫苗研究取得重大进展

2013-05-06 中国网 中国网

清华大学医学院张林琦教授主持的艾滋病疫苗研究取得重大进展。日前,张林琦领导的研究团队在国际权威杂志《病毒学》上发表了题为《粘膜免疫复制型载体艾滋病疫苗可有效控制猴艾滋病毒致病》的研究论文,在世界上首次报道了联合使用复制性痘苗病毒载体和粘膜途径初次免疫的创新型艾滋病疫苗战略,为疫苗进一步优化和人体试验打下了基础。 虽然粘膜作为感染艾滋病的主要器官,但还没有进入临床试验的针对艾滋病感染的粘膜疫苗。“

清华大学医学院张林琦教授主持的艾滋病疫苗研究取得重大进展。日前,张林琦领导的研究团队在国际权威杂志《病毒学》上发表了题为《粘膜免疫复制型载体艾滋病疫苗可有效控制猴艾滋病毒致病》的研究论文,在世界上首次报道了联合使用复制性痘苗病毒载体和粘膜途径初次免疫的创新型艾滋病疫苗战略,为疫苗进一步优化和人体试验打下了基础。

虽然粘膜作为感染艾滋病的主要器官,但还没有进入临床试验的针对艾滋病感染的粘膜疫苗。“十一五”期间,国家启动重大专项,为“新型粘膜免疫疫苗预防艾滋病病毒感染”提供专项基金。张林琦团队与香港大学李嘉诚医学院艾滋病研究所所长陈志伟博士、中科院广州生物医药与健康研究院陈凌博士等,合作开展新的粘膜艾滋病疫苗的研究。

据了解,新的粘膜疫苗战略,使用口鼻途径接种可复制型的表达猴艾滋病病毒gag、pol、env片段痘苗病毒天坛株,然后用非复制型的,同样表达艾滋病病毒的gag、pol、env片段的腺病毒从肌肉途径免疫。免疫后,测试针对艾滋病毒的T和B淋巴细胞的免疫能力,在疫苗接种后20周,将高剂量的致病性猴艾滋病病毒SIVmac239从直肠感染,然后观察实验组和对照组猴的体重和疾病的进程。

经过5年研究发现,这种粘膜疫苗可以大大提高针对艾滋病病毒的T和B淋巴细胞的免疫能力,从而有效地抑制病毒在体内的复制与传播。接种此种疫苗的猴子保持健康体征,而没有接种疫苗的猴子,绝大多数在感染一年半后相继发病,呈现典型的艾滋病症状。

目前,该项研究已获得“十二五”重大专项的持续支持,未来5年将开展人体临床研究。

艾滋病相关的拓展阅读:

doi:org/10.1128/JVI.03247-12
PMC:
PMID:

Mucosal Priming with a Replicating-Vaccinia Virus-Based Vaccine Elicits Protective Immunity to Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Challenge in Rhesus Monkeys

Caijun Sun, Zhiwei Chen, Xian Tang, Yinfeng Zhang, Liqiang Feng, Yanhua Du, Lijun Xiao, Li Liu, Weijun Zhu, Ling Chen and Linqi Zhang

Mucosal surfaces are not targeted by most human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) vaccines, despite being major routes for HIV-1 transmission. Here we report a novel vaccination regimen consisting of a mucosal prime with a modified replicating vaccinia virus Tiantan strain (MVTTSIVgpe) and an intramuscular boost with a nonreplicating adenovirus strain (Ad5SIVgpe). This regimen elicited robust cellular immune responses with enhanced magnitudes, sustainability, and polyfunctionality, as well as higher titers of neutralizing antibodies against the simian immunodeficiency virus SIVmac1A11 in rhesus monkeys. The reductions in peak and set-point viral loads were significant in most animals, with one other animal being protected fully from high-dose intrarectal inoculation of SIVmac239. Furthermore, the animals vaccinated with this regimen were healthy, while ~75% of control animals developed simian AIDS. The protective effects correlated with the vaccine-elicited SIV-specific CD8+ T cell responses against Gag and Pol. Our study provides a novel strategy for developing an HIV-1 vaccine by using the combination of a replicating vector and mucosal priming.

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    2014-03-13 hb2008ye
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