PLoS ONE：特定润滑剂的使用并不会增加艾滋病感染风险

近日，刊登在国际杂志PLoS One上的一篇研究报告揭示了，水性、非处方的个体润滑剂（可刺激阴道、直肠，使其兴奋）并不会增加HIV的易感性，尽管如此，研究者表示还需要进行深入研究来评估个体润滑剂的安全性以及对上皮组织的副作用。

研究者Charlene S. Dezzutti说，我们检测了许多种类的个人润滑剂，其对组织的损伤唯一一点就是高渗透性。尽管我们知道细胞毒性和高渗透性的润滑剂有关，但是这种损伤并不能使细胞对HIV变得敏感。相比阴道和直肠细胞，高渗透性的润滑剂含有更多的盐分、碳水化合物以及蛋白质，这种不平衡性可以促使上皮细胞脱水并且干瘪。

研究者检测了14种水性、脂质以及硅胶类型的润滑剂，结果显示，高渗性的水润型润滑剂相比脂质和硅胶性的润滑剂，更容易损伤阴道上皮细胞。当研究者对阴道组织使用润滑剂，随后将其暴露于HIV中，并不会增加上皮细胞对HIV的易感性。

研究者最后表示，后期需要开展更多的工作来检测润滑剂的安全性，这项研究只是前期研究，后期我们将会揭示是否高渗透性的润滑剂会通过别的途径比如炎症，来损伤上皮组织，进而增加个体对HIV的易感性。相关研究由国家过敏症和传染病研究所提供资助。

编译自：Cell Damage Caused by Use of Certain Personal Lubricants Does Not Increase HIV Risk, Lab Study Finds

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0048328
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PMID:

Is Wetter Better? An Evaluation of Over-the-Counter Personal Lubricants for Safety and Anti-HIV-1 Activity

Charlene S. Dezzutti1,2*, Elizabeth R. Brown3, Bernard Moncla1,2, Julie Russo1, Marilyn Cost1, Lin Wang1, Kevin Uranker1, Ratiya P. Kunjara Na Ayudhya1, Kara Pryke1, Jim Pickett4, Marc-André LeBlanc4, Lisa C. Rohan1,2

Because lubricants may decrease trauma during coitus, it is hypothesized that they could aid in the prevention of HIV acquisition. Therefore, safety and anti-HIV-1 activity of over-the-counter (OTC) aqueous- (n = 10), lipid- (n = 2), and silicone-based (n = 2) products were tested. The rheological properties of the lipid-based lubricants precluded testing with the exception of explant safety testing. Six aqueous-based gels were hyperosmolar, two were nearly iso-osmolar, and two were hypo-osmolar. Evaluation of the panel of products showed Gynol II (a spermicidal gel containing 2% nonoxynol-9), KY Jelly, and Replens were toxic to Lactobacillus. Two nearly iso-osmolar aqueous- and both silicone-based gels were not toxic toward epithelial cell lines or ectocervical or colorectal explant tissues. Hyperosmolar lubricants demonstrated reduction of tissue viability and epithelial fracture/sloughing while the nearly iso-osmolar and silicon-based lubricants showed no significant changes in tissue viability or epithelial modifications. While most of the lubricants had no measurable anti-HIV-1 activity, three lubricants which retained cell viability did demonstrate modest anti-HIV-1 activity in vitro. To determine if this would result in protection of mucosal tissue or conversely determine if the epithelial damage associated with the hyperosmolar lubricants increased HIV-1 infection ex vivo, ectocervical tissue was exposed to selected lubricants and then challenged with HIV-1. None of the lubricants that had a moderate to high therapeutic index protected the mucosal tissue. These results show hyperosmolar lubricant gels were associated with cellular toxicity and epithelial damage while showing no anti-viral activity. The two iso-osmolar lubricants, Good Clean Love and PRÉ, and both silicone-based lubricants, Female Condom 2 lubricant and Wet Platinum, were the safest in our testing algorithm.