护士,你留意过呼吸机细菌过滤器吗?

2018-10-09 高金波 中国护理管理

分享呼吸机细菌过滤器相关知识,为临床护理工作提供参考。

分享呼吸机细菌过滤器相关知识,为临床护理工作提供参考。

最近,在科室呼吸机使用过程中,很多老师提出两个疑问:

1.为什么科室呼吸机常规在吸气段安装一次性细菌过滤器而不是呼气端?

2.一次性人工鼻和一次性过滤器外包装上有些相同,容易混淆使用,两者到底有什么区别?

希望通过下面的分享解决大家在临床中的这两个疑问。

一、什么是呼吸机细菌过滤器?

一次性呼吸机细菌过滤器是一种滤过结构简单、成本低、可靠性高、操作简单,弃用型使用,用后更换,无需维护的装置。细菌过滤器的过滤膜一般采用了进口高效过滤介质,可有效截留管路中的杂质、细菌和其他病原体,一般滤除空气中0.5μm以上的微粒其滤除率达到90%以上,因此可有效预防各种致病菌排入病室内而造成的患者之间的交叉感染

二、呼吸机细菌过滤器有哪些分类?

目前主要可分为一次性细菌过滤器和可重复使用细菌过滤器:

1.一次性细菌过滤器使用时限为6小时(具体时间可参考不同呼吸机细菌过滤器说明书),用后丢弃。

2.可重复使用细菌过滤器,用后使用高温高压蒸气灭菌,一般压力为2.2KPa,温度135℃,时间7min,干燥5min即可达到灭菌效果。



三、呼吸机细菌过滤器和一次性人工鼻的区别?

1.两者在原理和临床使用上有很大区别:人工鼻≠过滤器

热湿交换器(HME):(俗称人工鼻)是一种被动的湿化装置,其原理是利用病人呼出气体中的温度和湿度对吸入气体进行加温加湿,其中的氯化锂海绵具有结合化学水和储热作用,呼出气中的水份及热可部分进行循环吸入,从而达到减少呼吸道失水及对吸入气体进行适当加温的目的。主要用于急诊、麻醉、ICU短期机械通气患者、需配合使用一次性呼吸机管路(结核、SARS、H1N1等呼吸道传染病)患者的短时气道温湿化。

2.两者虽然在外观上有些相似,但临床工作中,大家可以从外包装上明显名称区分;如果从外包装难以区分时(主要是针对部分可重复使用细菌过滤器)大家可以从其特征性内部结构区分,人工鼻里有氯化锂海绵结构,而细菌过滤器有过滤膜。



四、呼吸机细菌过滤器具体使用的位置及临床意义?

1.通过呼吸机排出的气体含有大量致病菌,既污染了环境,又易造成院内交叉感染[1]。临床上往往对呼吸机排出气体的污染未加重视,为切断患者呼出气体中致病菌对病室空气的污染,防止院内交叉感染,减少对医护人员的危害,在呼吸机呼出端安装细菌过滤器能较好地避免此类问题,但随着时间的延长,使用过滤器患者呼吸机出气端标本培养结果阳性的病例有所增加[2]。并且现在临床会利用空气消毒设备(如层流设备,三氧空气消毒机等),能较好的处理室内污染空气,所以现在不需要常规在呼吸机呼气端安装呼吸机细菌过滤器。

2.根据中华人民共和国卫生行业标准WS392-2012 《呼吸机临床应用》附录C.6.3指出:推荐一般患者在呼吸机吸气端使用细菌过滤器;对于有呼吸道传染可能的情况(如结核、流感等),应在呼气端也安装过滤器,因此对于特殊感染及传染病患者建议在吸气端和呼气端均使用细菌过滤器。



五、呼吸机细菌过滤器使用过程中有哪些注意事项?

1.现在的一次性细菌过滤器主流都是一次性低阻力细菌/病毒过滤器,很好解决了因为使用过滤器导致送气阻力增加的问题,所以在选择材质上建议使用低阻力细菌/病毒过滤器。

2.但临床过程中因为呼吸机雾化吸入、气道温湿化等因素会出现一次性细菌过滤器积水,导致机械通气的阻力增加,影响病人有效通气,出现氧合下降等情况时,如出现此类情况,需要立即更换细菌过滤器,以免造成意外。

3.根据中华人民共和国卫生行业标准WS392-2012 《呼吸机临床应用》附录C.3.5指出呼吸机吸入端或呼出端的细菌过滤器、供气模块滤网、冷却风扇过滤器、防尘网等部件需根据使用要求或按需进行清洗更换,因此细菌过滤器需要及时更换。

原始出处:

[1]潘群婕.重症监护室呼吸机排出气体微生物污染的分析[J].浙江临床医院,2006,8(12):1283.

[2]刘彩霞,潘群婕,叶东花.一次性细菌过滤器在呼吸机排出气体处理中的应用[J].护理学报,2009,5(16):59.

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    2018-10-10 Boyinsh
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    2018-10-09 易水河

    值得学习学习

    0

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createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20201006/4db877c2887649beb09cb5effd0b38c7/916f66edd48a4e77b20ebc3e14b6e45c.jpg, createdBy=141e1980133, createdName=Y—xianghai, createdTime=Tue Oct 09 08:48:48 CST 2018, time=2018-10-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=348602, encodeId=51233486029e, content=学习了长知识, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20201006/4db877c2887649beb09cb5effd0b38c7/916f66edd48a4e77b20ebc3e14b6e45c.jpg, createdBy=141e1980133, createdName=Y—xianghai, createdTime=Tue Oct 09 08:48:42 CST 2018, time=2018-10-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=348601, encodeId=3e87348601fd, content=学习了长知识, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20201006/4db877c2887649beb09cb5effd0b38c7/916f66edd48a4e77b20ebc3e14b6e45c.jpg, createdBy=141e1980133, createdName=Y—xianghai, createdTime=Tue Oct 09 08:48:37 CST 2018, time=2018-10-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=348600, encodeId=2d3d3486007e, content=学习了长知识, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20201006/4db877c2887649beb09cb5effd0b38c7/916f66edd48a4e77b20ebc3e14b6e45c.jpg, createdBy=141e1980133, createdName=Y—xianghai, createdTime=Tue Oct 09 08:48:32 CST 2018, time=2018-10-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=348599, encodeId=36ee348599b6, content=学习了长知识, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20201006/4db877c2887649beb09cb5effd0b38c7/916f66edd48a4e77b20ebc3e14b6e45c.jpg, createdBy=141e1980133, createdName=Y—xianghai, createdTime=Tue Oct 09 08:48:26 CST 2018, time=2018-10-09, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-10-09 flysky120

    工作中要做认真细心观察

    0

  4. 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topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20201006/4db877c2887649beb09cb5effd0b38c7/916f66edd48a4e77b20ebc3e14b6e45c.jpg, createdBy=141e1980133, createdName=Y—xianghai, createdTime=Tue Oct 09 08:48:26 CST 2018, time=2018-10-09, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-10-09 Y—xianghai

    学习了长知识

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1253257, encodeId=a740125325e40, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=909339652f5' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#呼吸机#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=39652, encryptionId=909339652f5, topicName=呼吸机)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=726030, createdName=Boyinsh, createdTime=Wed Oct 10 15:06:00 CST 2018, time=2018-10-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=348613, encodeId=515c3486136c, content=值得学习学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=85, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTKibA62IFMeUJEmSyIe8DvYFeERuOsfrRd8iano7nENqQU1dRR3tqeQOUL3eqgYgEZRT2t2iaEsib0JEw/132, createdBy=66771693911, 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topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20201006/4db877c2887649beb09cb5effd0b38c7/916f66edd48a4e77b20ebc3e14b6e45c.jpg, createdBy=141e1980133, createdName=Y—xianghai, createdTime=Tue Oct 09 08:48:26 CST 2018, time=2018-10-09, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-10-09 Y—xianghai

    学习了长知识

    0

  6. 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topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20201006/4db877c2887649beb09cb5effd0b38c7/916f66edd48a4e77b20ebc3e14b6e45c.jpg, createdBy=141e1980133, createdName=Y—xianghai, createdTime=Tue Oct 09 08:48:26 CST 2018, time=2018-10-09, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-10-09 Y—xianghai

    学习了长知识

    0

  7. 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topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20201006/4db877c2887649beb09cb5effd0b38c7/916f66edd48a4e77b20ebc3e14b6e45c.jpg, createdBy=141e1980133, createdName=Y—xianghai, createdTime=Tue Oct 09 08:48:26 CST 2018, time=2018-10-09, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-10-09 Y—xianghai

    学习了长知识

    0

  8. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1253257, encodeId=a740125325e40, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=909339652f5' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#呼吸机#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=39652, encryptionId=909339652f5, topicName=呼吸机)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=726030, createdName=Boyinsh, createdTime=Wed Oct 10 15:06:00 CST 2018, time=2018-10-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=348613, encodeId=515c3486136c, content=值得学习学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=85, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTKibA62IFMeUJEmSyIe8DvYFeERuOsfrRd8iano7nENqQU1dRR3tqeQOUL3eqgYgEZRT2t2iaEsib0JEw/132, createdBy=66771693911, 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createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20201006/4db877c2887649beb09cb5effd0b38c7/916f66edd48a4e77b20ebc3e14b6e45c.jpg, createdBy=141e1980133, createdName=Y—xianghai, createdTime=Tue Oct 09 08:48:48 CST 2018, time=2018-10-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=348602, encodeId=51233486029e, content=学习了长知识, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20201006/4db877c2887649beb09cb5effd0b38c7/916f66edd48a4e77b20ebc3e14b6e45c.jpg, createdBy=141e1980133, createdName=Y—xianghai, createdTime=Tue Oct 09 08:48:42 CST 2018, time=2018-10-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=348601, encodeId=3e87348601fd, content=学习了长知识, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], 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topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20201006/4db877c2887649beb09cb5effd0b38c7/916f66edd48a4e77b20ebc3e14b6e45c.jpg, createdBy=141e1980133, createdName=Y—xianghai, createdTime=Tue Oct 09 08:48:26 CST 2018, time=2018-10-09, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-10-09 Y—xianghai

    学习了长知识

    0

  9. 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topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20201006/4db877c2887649beb09cb5effd0b38c7/916f66edd48a4e77b20ebc3e14b6e45c.jpg, createdBy=141e1980133, createdName=Y—xianghai, createdTime=Tue Oct 09 08:48:26 CST 2018, time=2018-10-09, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-10-09 Y—xianghai

    学习了长知识

    0

  10. 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    2018-10-09 Y—xianghai

    学习了长知识

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