Neurology:美国急性缺血性卒中患者留置鼻饲管的临床现状

2014-09-12 快乐小厮 丁香园

卒中后出现吞咽障碍很常见,研究显示早期留置鼻饲管与人工喂养相比,在增加死亡、残疾方面方面差异无显著性,并且可能增加并发症的发生风险;而早期经皮胃造瘘术与留置鼻饲管相比,增加死亡风险及不良预后。本研究意在明确当前美国临床上急性缺血性卒中患者的喂养方式,以便帮助患者及家属选择何种喂养方式及是否放置鼻饲管。 Georg等收集美国卫生健康研究与质量机构(AHRQ)的全国住院患者样本库(NIS)住院的急性

卒中后出现吞咽障碍很常见,研究显示早期留置鼻饲管与人工喂养相比,在增加死亡、残疾方面方面差异无显著性,并且可能增加并发症的发生风险;而早期经皮胃造瘘术与留置鼻饲管相比,增加死亡风险及不良预后。本研究意在明确当前美国临床上急性缺血性卒中患者的喂养方式,以便帮助患者及家属选择何种喂养方式及是否放置鼻饲管。

Georg等收集美国卫生健康研究与质量机构(AHRQ)的全国住院患者样本库(NIS)住院的急性缺血性卒中患者的喂养情况及留置鼻饲管情况,提示不同医院的住院患者留置鼻饲管的情况存在巨大差异。文章于2014年8月6日在线发表在Neurology杂志。

该研究为回顾性观察研究,纳入NIH的各家医院住院3天以上的30岁及以上成年缺血性卒中患者的留置鼻饲管率。首先调查2004-2011年的留置鼻饲管趋势,再根据这些数据预测2008-2011年留置鼻饲管的情况。该研究采用多层次多变量的回归模型处理医院的随机效应,并校正医院及患者层次的相关因素以预测留置鼻饲管情况。

结果显示留置鼻饲管率自2004-2011年未发生变化。在2008-2011年间1540家医院的164 408例住院的卒中患者中,留置鼻饲管率仅8.8%,不同医院间留置鼻饲管率存在很大差异。种族/族裔亚组分析显示,控制了患者的人口学、社会经济及合并症后,与留置鼻饲管相关的医院因素包括收录的卒中患者量,盈利状态及气管插管的使用。住院的黑人/西班牙卒中患者使用鼻饲管的风险较高。

由上述结果可以看出:不同医院的住院患者使用鼻饲管的情况存在巨大差异,而这些差异部分是由于以患者为中心的医疗服务等外部因素决定的。

从该研究看当前的医疗实践及医院特点与急性缺血性卒中患者使用鼻饲管相关,但是需要进一步理解及规范急性卒中后留置鼻饲管的方法是符合患者最大利益的。

原始出处

George BP1, Kelly AG1, Schneider EB1, Holloway RG2.Current practices in feeding tube placement for US acute ischemic stroke inpatients.Neurology. 2014 Sep 2

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    2014-09-30 yinhl1978
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    2015-02-07 xuyong532
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