Pharmacotherapy:抗精神病药超说明书用于心理健康适应证是否适当

2017-05-17 常路 环球医学

退伍军人中,相当大比例的抗精神病药(AP)用于非获准的适应证(即超说明书处方)。然而,并非所有超说明书使用都一定对患者是有害的,在某些情况下,超说明书处方可以认为是合理的。2017年4月,发表在《Pharmacotherapy.》的一项研究调查了在退伍军人人群中,超说明书AP处方潜在合理的程度。

退伍军人中,相当大比例的抗精神病药(AP)用于非获准的适应证(即超说明书处方)。然而,并非所有超说明书使用都一定对患者是有害的,在某些情况下,超说明书处方可以认为是合理的。2017年4月,发表在《Pharmacotherapy.》的一项研究调查了在退伍军人人群中,超说明书AP处方潜在合理的程度。

研究目的:本研究的目的为确定在退伍军人人群中,超说明书AP处方潜在合理的程度。

设计:专家小组和回顾性分析。

数据来源:退伍军人健康管理局(VHA)企业数据仓库。

患者:2005~2012财年,总共69823名具有至少1次AP用药药房记录的退伍军人。

测量和主要结果:召集了专家小组确定在不同的情况下,对AP使用的适当性是否存在共识。专家小组由10名精神病学领域的专家组成:9名不同专业的医生和1名药师。研究人员使用经过改良的RAND适当性方法鉴别出潜在的适当、不确定和不合理的AP使用案例。研究人员单独检测了6种第二代AP的使用,第一代AP的使用作为一类进行检测。基于前瞻性收集的量化VHA AP使用的数据,提供给专家小组最常发生的超说明书AP处方诊断的疾病状态情境。疾病状态与专家小组认为是潜在显着临床因素的情境修饰相耦合。4种疾病状态(焦虑、痴呆、失眠、创伤后应激障碍)中,调查了每个AP的29种情境。没有一种情境是专家小组判定为是合理使用AP的。所有AP的203种情境中,专家小组判定其中的60%为不适当的,剩下的40%为不确定。给定情境中,AP药物中的利培酮(72%)和奥氮平(62%)最可能被视为不确定,而第一代AP(86%)最可能被认为是不适当的。精神分裂症和双相情感障碍获准的治疗适应证外,广泛超说明书使用AP或辅助治疗重性抑郁障碍,并不是适当的治疗选择。根据专家小组的意见,检测的情境没有一个为合理使用AP。

结论:专家小组的共识为,超说明书使用AP并不确定是最佳的,甚至在复杂病例中,更可能是不适当的。这些结果强化了这样一个事实,即在综合医疗卫生机构中要强烈控制AP的使用,如VHA,以及对为焦虑、痴呆、失眠或创伤后应激障碍患者提供医疗服务的执业医师提供更好的教育和信息。

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    2017-11-29 jj000001
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    2018-03-24 yb6560
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