这是全宇宙简单明了的抗生素图解!

2016-09-21 佚名 知乎、检验医学网

常见的称为“细菌”的病原体其实包括好几大类,像这样:各种不管宣传为“广谱的”还是“窄谱的”,都不能完全包括以上所有细菌,比如青霉素,是一种窄谱抗生素而标榜为“广谱青霉素”的氨苄西林或阿莫西林,其实也只是这样:而被一些医务人员或公众认为“取代青霉素”的头孢菌素,也没有好多少,比如一代头孢是这样:三代头孢是这样:而最近研究较热的,在中国尚未上市的五代头孢,也是这样:β-内酰胺类药物中抗菌谱最广之一的碳

常见的称为“细菌”的病原体其实包括好几大类,像这样:

各种不管宣传为“广谱的”还是“窄谱的”,都不能完全包括以上所有细菌,比如青霉素,是一种窄谱抗生素

而标榜为“广谱青霉素”的氨苄西林或阿莫西林,其实也只是这样:


而被一些医务人员或公众认为“取代青霉素”的头孢菌素,也没有好多少,比如一代头孢是这样:


三代头孢是这样:


而最近研究较热的,在中国尚未上市的五代头孢,也是这样:


β-内酰胺类药物中抗菌谱最广之一的碳青霉烯类药物,是这样:


而曾被誉为“耐药金黄色葡萄球菌的最后一道防线”的万古霉素及同类药物,是这样:



曾经使用十分火爆的喹诺酮类,是这样:




升级换代产品增加了一些特技,哦不,增加了一些抗菌谱,也只是这样:




而一直以来上面那一块“真菌”都无人可及,抗真菌药物是专门的一大类,现在抗菌谱比较广的伏立康唑,是这样:



当然还有卡泊芬净等,但是仍不能完全避免耐药菌株。


有些时候,一些患者感染很重,但一时又无法获知是哪种细菌,为了抢时间,就必须第一时间包括尽可能多的细菌,像这样:


但是这个方案的价格极其昂贵,光是这几种药物,加起来一天在2000-3000元。


此外还有比较新的四环素类的衍生物,替加环素,抗菌谱算是很广了,像这样:



但这种药物价格也极其昂贵,一天接近2000元,并且适应证仅限于复杂性腹腔感染及皮肤软组织感染,单用于肺部感染会增加死亡率,需要联合治疗。


所以抗感染治疗药物的研发仍然任重而道远,因为使用受限,抗菌药物的研发对于公司而言利润不大,因此现在鲜有公司愿意投入。现在也有公司试图开发单克隆抗体用于对抗感染类疾病,希望能够早日获得上市。

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    2016-11-16 小康子70

    挺好的,做的不错

    0

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    2016-10-18 hu007

    涨知识

    0

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    2016-10-13 1e10c84am36(暂无匿称)

    文章真好,喜欢阅读

    0

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    2016-10-13 后宫三千

    太好了

    0

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    2016-10-13 jyzxjiangqin

    要了解抗生素基本用药常识。

    0

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    2016-10-11 1e10c84am36(暂无匿称)

    好文章,长见识

    0

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    2016-09-23 187清风

    替加环素

    0

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    2016-09-23 187清风

    内容很好,谢谢

    0

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    2016-09-23 187清风

    印象深刻

    0

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    2016-09-23 187清风

    继续学习谢谢分享

    0

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