Lancet Infect Dis:反复尿路感染成人连续低剂量抗生素预防 能否获益?

2018-09-30 吴星 环球医学网

2018年9月,发表在《Lancet Infect Dis.》的一项随机、开放标签、优越性试验调查了连续预防性使用低剂量抗生素预防自我清洁间歇导尿(CISC)成年使用者复发性尿路感染(UTIs)的获益、危害和成本效果。

2018年9月,发表在《Lancet Infect Dis.》的一项随机、开放标签、优越性试验调查了连续预防性使用低剂量抗生素预防自我清洁间歇导尿(CISC)成年使用者复发性尿路感染(UTIs)的获益、危害和成本效果。

背景:反复症状性UTIs可影响25%的使用CISC来排空膀胱的人。研究人员旨在确定,连续预防性使用低剂量抗生素预防CISC成年使用者复发性UTIs的获益、危害和成本效果。

方法:在这项随机、开放标签、优越性试验中,研究人员从51个英国国家卫生署组织中纳入了参与者。这些参与者都是复发性UTIs的社区管理(与住院患者相对)的CISC使用者。研究人员通过使用带有可变长度置换块的基于网络的系统,按照1:1的比例将参与者随机分配至抗生素预防每天一次(预防组)或不预防(对照组)共12个月的组中。试验和评估结局的实验室员工都对分组盲,但是参与者知道各自的分组情况。首要结局指标为12个月期间症状性抗生素治疗的UTIs发生率。研究人员假设,完成至少6个月随访的参与者可提供可靠的UTI发生率的估计值,并纳入到首要结局分析中。尿和粪便细菌抗生素耐药性的改变为次要结局。

结果:2013年11月25日~2016年1月29日,研究人员筛查了1743名CISC成年使用者的资质,其中的404人(23%)于2013年11月26日~2016年1月31日入组。在404名参与者中,203人(50%)随机分配至预防组,201人(50%)分配至不预防组。1339人在随机分组前排除在外。首要分析纳入了181名预防组的成人(89%)和180名未预防组(对照组)的成人(90%)。预防组的22人和对照组的21人因缺失6个月前的随访数据而未纳入到首要分析中。预防组和对照组12个月期间症状性抗生素治疗的UTIs发生率分别为1.3例/人年(95% CI,1.1~1.6)和2.6例/人年(2.3~2.9),发病率比为0.52(0.44~0.61;P<0.0001),表明预防治疗后,UTI发生率降低48%。预防的耐受性良好:研究人员记录到预防组在研究期间发生22例与抗生素预防相关的轻微不良事件,主要是肠道紊乱(6人)、皮疹(6人)、念珠菌感染(4人)。然而,在试验的9~12个月时,预防组的尿液分离株中,对用于UTI治疗的抗生素耐药的发生率比对照组高(呋喃妥因:具有至少一株分离株的预防组12/51(24%)vs对照组6/64(9%),P=0.038;甲氧苄氨嘧啶:34/51(67%)vs 21/64(33%),P=0.0003;复方新诺明:26/49(53%)vs 15/62(24%),P=0.002)。

结论:连续抗生素预防在降低具有复发性UTIs的CISC使用者的UTI发生率上是有效的,并且在这些个体中的耐受性良好。然而,如果开始预防,那么尿液细菌耐药性增加是需要监测的问题。

原始出处:
Fisher H1, Oluboyede Y2, Chadwick T2, et al.Continuous low-dose antibiotic prophylaxis for adults with repeated urinary tract infections (AnTIC): a randomised, open-label trial.Lancet Infect Dis. 2018 Sep;18(9):957-968. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(18)30279-2. Epub 2018 Jun 28.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1473309918302792?via%3Dihub

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