Nat Commun:科学家设计人造病毒,刺激免疫系统对抗癌症

2017-05-30 漱石 生物探索

瑞士日内瓦大学(UNIGE)和瑞士巴塞尔大学的研究人员创造出一种可以靶向癌症的人造病毒。这种人造病毒能够刺激免疫系统,并促进其产生杀伤细胞来对抗肿瘤。这项发表于Nature Communications上的研究为新型癌症治疗提供了基础。大多数癌细胞只能引起免疫系统有限的反应,因此,它们能够在缺乏约束的情况下疯狂繁殖。相比之下,病毒感染会使身体释放警报信号,刺激免疫系统使用一切可行的手段来对抗入侵者

瑞士日内瓦大学(UNIGE)和瑞士巴塞尔大学的研究人员创造出一种可以靶向癌症的人造病毒。这种人造病毒能够刺激免疫系统,并促进其产生杀伤细胞来对抗肿瘤。这项发表于Nature Communications上的研究为新型癌症治疗提供了基础。

大多数癌细胞只能引起免疫系统有限的反应,因此,它们能够在缺乏约束的情况下疯狂繁殖。相比之下,病毒感染会使身体释放警报信号,刺激免疫系统使用一切可行的手段来对抗入侵者。

人造病毒刺激免疫系统

近年来热门的免疫治疗,就是通过刺激机体的免疫系统,从而加强对癌细胞对抗。然而,刺激免疫系统特异性地攻击癌细胞仍然是个难题。现在,研究人员已经成功制造了一种靶向癌细胞的人造病毒。UNIGE医学院病理与免疫学系的Doron Merkler教授和巴塞尔大学生物医学系的Daniel Pinschewer教授领导了这一研究。

研究人员构建了一种基于淋巴细胞脉络丛脑膜炎病毒(LCMV)的人造病毒,它可以感染啮齿动物和人类。虽然这些病毒对小鼠并没有害处,但却能释放出典型的病毒感染的警报信号。研究人员将某些蛋白质整合到病毒中,使其只能在癌细胞中发现。感染人造病毒使免疫系统能够识别出这些癌症蛋白质。

报警信号和癌细胞蛋白的独特组合刺激了免疫系统,创造出一种强大的细胞毒性T淋巴细胞,也被称为杀伤细胞,这些免疫细胞通过蛋白质鉴定癌细胞,并成功地摧毁它们。

癌症治疗的新希望

癌症患者的治疗方法在过去几年中有很大的发展。然而,正如研究人员报告的,目前的治疗方法仍然不足以对付多种类型的癌症。研究的资深作者Doron Merkler教授和Daniel Pinschewer教授表示:“我们希望这项新发现和技术将很快被用于癌症治疗,从而帮助进一步提高治疗的成功率。”

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    2017-11-14 liye789132251
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    2017-08-20 liuli5079
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    2017-05-30 changjiu

    迟早癌症可以被攻克

    0

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    2017-05-30 flysky120

    希望以后真的可以治疗癌症

    0

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过去,我们认为免疫检查点抑制剂通过“解封”T细胞,刺激它们对抗癌症。现在,来自于斯坦福大学医学院的研究小组却发现PD-1/ PD-L1抗体还以另外一种全新的方式对抗癌症:调动浸润在肿瘤组织中的巨噬细胞消灭肿瘤细胞。5月17日,《Nature》期刊在线发表一篇题为“PD-1 expression by tumour-associated macrophages inhibits phagocytos