急性心梗后的8大致命并发症 !

2016-04-07 医学之声 医学之声

1心脏破裂 常发生在心肌梗死后1~2周内,好发于左心室前壁下1/3处。原因是梗死灶失去弹性,心肌坏死、中性粒细胞和单核细胞释放水解酶所致的酶性溶解作用,导致心壁破裂,心室内血液进入心包,造成心包填塞而引起猝死。另外室间隔破裂,左心室血液流入右心室,可引起心源性休克和急性左心衰竭。左心室乳头肌断裂,可引起急性二尖瓣关闭不全,导致急性左心衰竭。 2室壁瘤 可发生在心肌梗死

1心脏破裂

常发生在心肌梗死后1~2周内,好发于左心室前壁下1/3处。原因是梗死灶失去弹性,心肌坏死、中性粒细胞和单核细胞释放水解酶所致的酶性溶解作用,导致心壁破裂,心室内血液进入心包,造成心包填塞而引起猝死。另外室间隔破裂,左心室血液流入右心室,可引起心源性休克和急性左心衰竭。左心室乳头肌断裂,可引起急性二尖瓣关闭不全,导致急性左心衰竭。

2室壁瘤

可发生在心肌梗死早期或梗死灶已纤维化的愈合期。由梗死心肌或瘢痕组织在心室内压力作用下,局限性的向外膨隆而形成室壁瘤。室壁瘤可继发附壁血栓、心律不齐及心功能不全。

3出血性并发症

心梗后需要大量使用抗血小板聚集药物,甚至使用抗凝药物有关,临床中最常见的有消化道出血、鼻出血、牙龈出血、脑出血等等。而致死性的出血多为大量出血或者非常重要的脏器出血,如脑出血。

4附壁血栓形成

多见于左心室。由于梗死区内膜粗糙,室壁瘤处出现涡流等原因而诱发血栓形成。血栓可发生机化,少数血栓因心脏舒缩而脱落引起动脉系统栓塞。

5心律失常

多发生在发病早期,也可在发病1~2周内发生,以室性早搏多见,可发生室性心动过速、心室颤动,导致心脏骤停、猝死。缓慢性心律失常如心动过缓、房室传导阻滞多见于下壁梗死患者发病早期,多可恢复,少数需永久起搏器治疗。

6心力衰竭和心源性休克

可见于发病早期,也可于发病数天后出现,急性心肌梗死时的心力衰竭主要与大量心肌坏死、心室重构和心脏扩大有关,也可继发于心律失常或机械并发症。心肌缺血坏死面积是决定心功能状态的重要因素,梗死面积占左心室的20%时即可引起心力衰竭,梗死面积超过40%则将导致心源性休克。STEMI急性期的心力衰竭往往预示近期及远期预后不良。

7合并感染

感染亦是心梗后病人死亡的重要原因,其机制多同感染后免疫力低下从而诱发加重某脏器感染所致,常见的多为肺部感染。同时也可能是由于心梗后泵功能衰竭导致脏器淤血水肿,从而容易合并感染有关。心衰合并感染,患者死亡风险就会进一步加大。

8心肌梗死后综合征

一般在急性心肌梗死后2~3周或数月内发生,表现为心包炎、胸膜炎、或肺炎,有发热、胸痛等症状,可反复发生,可能为机体对心肌坏死形成的自身抗原的过敏反应。

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    2016-06-10 lfyang
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    2016-09-18 丁鹏鹏
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    2016-04-14 李继凯

    文章不错

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    2016-04-14 李继凯

    值得关注

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2053389, encodeId=05e52053389ad, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=93255105e89' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#心梗后#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=51057, encryptionId=93255105e89, topicName=心梗后)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=43cb463, createdName=lfyang, createdTime=Fri Jun 10 08:23:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1757703, encodeId=dbf91e5770316, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=84ba49031f9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#并发#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=49031, encryptionId=84ba49031f9, topicName=并发)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a27e37327108, createdName=丁鹏鹏, createdTime=Sun Sep 18 00:23:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=78307, encodeId=a79fe8307c8, content=文章不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=105, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=240a1683959, createdName=李继凯, createdTime=Thu Apr 14 18:58:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=78308, encodeId=7164e8308d1, content=值得关注, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=91, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=240a1683959, createdName=李继凯, createdTime=Thu Apr 14 18:58:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=77444, encodeId=225ce7444df, content=明确了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=106, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160412/IMG570C62AB017373724.jpg, createdBy=f6b41705718, createdName=Wechat4343a314, createdTime=Mon Apr 11 20:56:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1308333, encodeId=da771308333c9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=8323522e503' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#急性心梗#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=20, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=52275, encryptionId=8323522e503, topicName=急性心梗)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=fa4f352, createdName=chenlianhui, createdTime=Sat Apr 09 00:23:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=76500, encodeId=5d4de6500f9, content=点赞, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=107, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3a411691127, createdName=1de5aaa9m95(暂无匿称), createdTime=Fri Apr 08 23:13:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=76241, encodeId=9c9fe62418a, content=心衰和休克,机械性、炎症性、栓塞性、心律失常性并发症等。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=98, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=225a1697989, createdName=1de7460am01(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Apr 07 11:39:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-07, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-04-11 Wechat4343a314

    明确了

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2053389, encodeId=05e52053389ad, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=93255105e89' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#心梗后#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=51057, encryptionId=93255105e89, topicName=心梗后)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=43cb463, createdName=lfyang, createdTime=Fri Jun 10 08:23:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1757703, encodeId=dbf91e5770316, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=84ba49031f9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#并发#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=49031, encryptionId=84ba49031f9, topicName=并发)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a27e37327108, createdName=丁鹏鹏, createdTime=Sun Sep 18 00:23:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=78307, encodeId=a79fe8307c8, content=文章不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=105, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=240a1683959, createdName=李继凯, createdTime=Thu Apr 14 18:58:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=78308, encodeId=7164e8308d1, content=值得关注, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=91, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=240a1683959, createdName=李继凯, createdTime=Thu Apr 14 18:58:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=77444, encodeId=225ce7444df, content=明确了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=106, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160412/IMG570C62AB017373724.jpg, createdBy=f6b41705718, createdName=Wechat4343a314, createdTime=Mon Apr 11 20:56:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1308333, encodeId=da771308333c9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=8323522e503' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#急性心梗#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=20, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=52275, encryptionId=8323522e503, topicName=急性心梗)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=fa4f352, createdName=chenlianhui, createdTime=Sat Apr 09 00:23:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=76500, encodeId=5d4de6500f9, content=点赞, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=107, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3a411691127, createdName=1de5aaa9m95(暂无匿称), createdTime=Fri Apr 08 23:13:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=76241, encodeId=9c9fe62418a, content=心衰和休克,机械性、炎症性、栓塞性、心律失常性并发症等。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=98, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=225a1697989, createdName=1de7460am01(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Apr 07 11:39:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-07, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2053389, encodeId=05e52053389ad, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=93255105e89' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#心梗后#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=51057, encryptionId=93255105e89, topicName=心梗后)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=43cb463, createdName=lfyang, createdTime=Fri Jun 10 08:23:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1757703, encodeId=dbf91e5770316, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=84ba49031f9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#并发#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=49031, encryptionId=84ba49031f9, topicName=并发)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a27e37327108, createdName=丁鹏鹏, createdTime=Sun Sep 18 00:23:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=78307, encodeId=a79fe8307c8, content=文章不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=105, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=240a1683959, createdName=李继凯, createdTime=Thu Apr 14 18:58:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=78308, encodeId=7164e8308d1, content=值得关注, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=91, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=240a1683959, createdName=李继凯, createdTime=Thu Apr 14 18:58:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=77444, encodeId=225ce7444df, content=明确了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=106, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160412/IMG570C62AB017373724.jpg, createdBy=f6b41705718, createdName=Wechat4343a314, createdTime=Mon Apr 11 20:56:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1308333, encodeId=da771308333c9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=8323522e503' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#急性心梗#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=20, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=52275, encryptionId=8323522e503, topicName=急性心梗)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=fa4f352, createdName=chenlianhui, createdTime=Sat Apr 09 00:23:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=76500, encodeId=5d4de6500f9, content=点赞, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=107, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3a411691127, createdName=1de5aaa9m95(暂无匿称), createdTime=Fri Apr 08 23:13:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=76241, encodeId=9c9fe62418a, content=心衰和休克,机械性、炎症性、栓塞性、心律失常性并发症等。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=98, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=225a1697989, createdName=1de7460am01(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Apr 07 11:39:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-07, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-04-08 1de5aaa9m95(暂无匿称)

    点赞

    0

  8. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2053389, encodeId=05e52053389ad, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=93255105e89' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#心梗后#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=51057, encryptionId=93255105e89, topicName=心梗后)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=43cb463, createdName=lfyang, createdTime=Fri Jun 10 08:23:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1757703, encodeId=dbf91e5770316, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=84ba49031f9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#并发#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=49031, encryptionId=84ba49031f9, topicName=并发)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a27e37327108, createdName=丁鹏鹏, createdTime=Sun Sep 18 00:23:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=78307, encodeId=a79fe8307c8, content=文章不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=105, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=240a1683959, createdName=李继凯, createdTime=Thu Apr 14 18:58:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=78308, encodeId=7164e8308d1, content=值得关注, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=91, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=240a1683959, createdName=李继凯, createdTime=Thu Apr 14 18:58:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=77444, encodeId=225ce7444df, content=明确了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=106, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160412/IMG570C62AB017373724.jpg, createdBy=f6b41705718, createdName=Wechat4343a314, createdTime=Mon Apr 11 20:56:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1308333, encodeId=da771308333c9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=8323522e503' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#急性心梗#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=20, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=52275, encryptionId=8323522e503, topicName=急性心梗)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=fa4f352, createdName=chenlianhui, createdTime=Sat Apr 09 00:23:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=76500, encodeId=5d4de6500f9, content=点赞, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=107, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3a411691127, createdName=1de5aaa9m95(暂无匿称), createdTime=Fri Apr 08 23:13:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=76241, encodeId=9c9fe62418a, content=心衰和休克,机械性、炎症性、栓塞性、心律失常性并发症等。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=98, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=225a1697989, createdName=1de7460am01(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Apr 07 11:39:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-07, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-04-07 1de7460am01(暂无匿称)

    心衰和休克,机械性、炎症性、栓塞性、心律失常性并发症等。

    0

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