病例分享 |胰岛素强化治疗后,患者不想用胰岛素了……

2018-06-19 李东燕 张敏 中国医学论坛报

男性,55岁,自由职业,生活不规律; 因口干、消瘦3+月就诊 ;既往体健,父亲患有糖尿病。

病例提供者:四川省人民医院  张敏

简要病史

男性,55岁,自由职业,生活不规律; 因口干、消瘦3+月就诊 ;既往体健,父亲患有糖尿病

查体

身高 170 cm,体重 77 Kg,腰围 105 cm,BMI 26.64 kg/m2,血压 130/80 mmHg,心率 80次/分,心肺腹检查(-),双足背动脉搏动正常。

辅助检查

FBG 12.8 mmol/L,P2BG 19.9 mmol/L,HbA1c  9.8% ;
尿常规:GLU4+,KET- ;
肝肾功能大致正常;
血脂:TG 4.8 mmol/L,TC 6.3 mmol/L,LDL-C 3.5 mmol/L,HDL-C 0.85 mmol/L;
糖尿病相关抗体检测(-)。


1.   2型糖尿病(T2DM)
2.  脂代谢紊乱

诊断依据:中年发病、超重、有糖尿病家族史。三多一少症状明显,血糖升高明显,但无酮症,血脂异常。

诊治过程

1.  胰岛素短期强化治疗:给予地特胰岛素联合门冬胰岛素以降低血糖,解除高糖毒性;给予二甲双胍,以改善胰岛素抵抗。

血糖调整经过如下:



馒头餐胰岛素释放试验:



对于该种治疗策略,患者反馈注射次数多、监测血糖麻烦、易发生低血糖事件,且体重增加了1.5 kg,故强烈要求停用胰岛素治疗。

2.  综合考虑后,将患者治疗方案调整如下,并监测血糖变化:



一年后复查OGTT及胰岛素释放试验:



3.  西格列汀联合二甲双胍治疗12个月后:

FPG: 5~6 mmol/L 
2h PPG: 7~10 mmol/L 
无低血糖反应 
体重变化:较治疗前体重无明显改变
依从性:服用方便,患者满意

用药分析

1、糖尿病是一种复杂的代谢综合征,如果要以简驭繁,应选择兼顾有效性、安全性与便利性的联合降糖药物,实现综合管理且不增加用药负担。

2.  一项中国人群的随机对照临床研究,探索了新诊断T2DM患者强化治疗3个月后的合理治疗方案。结果显示,患者早期胰岛素强化治疗后,选择基础胰岛素、预混胰岛素或口服降糖药(OAD),血糖均得到理想控制。

3.  证据显示:GLP-1可通过多种途径调控β细胞。


图片来源:Jung KY, et al. Diabetes Metab J. 2014 ;38(6)426-36.

而DPP-4抑制剂可通过GLP-1途径干预β细胞的凋亡和去分化,减少β细胞凋亡,增加β细胞增殖,促进胰岛素分泌,此外DPP-4抑制剂还可改善胰岛素敏感性。二甲双胍则能改善胰岛素抵抗,直接减少肝糖输出。两者机制互补,协同增效。

4.  国际多中心研究证实,T2DM患者在二甲双胍基础上加用西格列汀100 mg qd或格列吡嗪5 mg/日(平均滴定至10.3 mg/日)治疗52周。结果显示,西格列汀+二甲双胍与磺脲类+二甲双胍两者疗效相近。但是,另一项证据显示,西格列汀+二甲双胍的低血糖发生率为5.3%,二甲双胍+格列吡嗪高达34.1%。

5.  长期观察性研究显示,与二甲双胍+磺脲类相比,西格列汀+二甲双胍更能长期有效控制血糖,且不增加BMI。




图片来源:Derosa G, et al. Pharmacol Res. 2015;100:127-134.

ODYSSEE研究也显示:二甲双胍+西格列汀治疗维持稳定血糖的时间是43.2个月,显著长于二甲双胍+磺脲类的20.2个月。

病历小结

1.  新诊断T2DM患者血糖升高明显,胰岛素治疗可迅速解除葡萄糖毒性;

2.  为更好的实现以简驭繁,应尽早开始联合治疗,使患者血糖早期达标;

3.  理想的糖尿病治疗方案应兼顾疗效、安全性、简便性、依从性等多重获益;

4.  DPP-4抑制剂能改善胰岛β细胞功能,联合二甲双胍机制互补,协同增效。

专家点评


陈树教授

四川省医学科学院、四川省人民医院老年内分泌科教授,主任医师,硕士生导师。中国老年医学委员会内分泌代谢专委会副主任委员,中国老年健康保健研究会老年骨质疏松专委会常委,中国中西医结合内分泌专业委员会委员,中国老年医学会四川内分泌代谢专委会名誉主任委员,四川省中西医结合内分泌专业委员会名誉主任委员,四川省慢性病防治专委会副主任委员,四川省内分泌、糖尿病专业委员会委员,四川省糖尿病协会副会长,美国糖尿病学会会员,中国糖尿病杂志编委,实用医院临床杂志编委。

本例患者为中年男性。在患病就诊时有高糖的毒性存在,血糖是比较高的,所以采用胰岛素强化是一个有效控制血糖升高、纠正β细胞去分化、同时让这个患者症状好转的治疗模式。

但是,就针对T2DM患者降糖治疗本身来讲,我们需要有效、安全、方便、简单的治疗模式。所以当患者的血糖达标,甚至正常的前提下,T2DM患者是可以停用胰岛素采用OAD治疗的。 

本例患者在接受胰岛素强化治疗使血糖达标以后,采用二甲双胍纠正胰岛素抵抗改善空腹血糖。加用西格列汀恢复1相高峰降低餐后血糖。随访结果表明,这样的联合方案的确帮助这名患者实现了血糖达标。    

所以,对于T2DM患者,特别是需要长期坚持治疗、预期寿命超过10年甚至15年以上的人群,我们都应该针对T2DM患病的规律去进行治疗。

对于T2DM人群,我们给予治疗的最终目标是:改善患者的预后,增加预期寿命,减少心脑血管事件的发生,还有降低高糖毒性带来的微血管损伤,减少致残率。这个患者经过以上处理以后,血糖、血压、血脂,包括体重,都有获益。为这名患者今后更好地坚持治疗,同时减少各种并发症提供了保证。

二甲双胍联合西格列汀的治疗方案不仅从疾病发展和病理损害两个方面有很好的纠正,同时,使用口服药物,能够减少患者治疗的麻烦,让患者的依从性更好,从远期获益来看是较好的一种治疗策略。

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    2018-08-11 baoya
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    2018-06-20 飛歌

    厉害了我的哥

    0

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    2018-06-19 惠映实验室

    学习了.谢谢分享.

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1749977, encodeId=f59a1e49977c1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=be7c8385345' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#胰岛#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=83853, encryptionId=be7c8385345, topicName=胰岛)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a7a536274692, createdName=baoya, createdTime=Sat Aug 11 10:37:00 CST 2018, time=2018-08-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1554079, encodeId=787f15540e9e2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=394d5013059' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#强化治疗#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=50130, encryptionId=394d5013059, topicName=强化治疗)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=bcc714501479, createdName=huanbaofeng, createdTime=Thu Jun 21 11:37:00 CST 2018, time=2018-06-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=325475, encodeId=dd993254e564, content=厉害了我的哥, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib3IzoRn621JdKCFUI4XvNELcibocrAVU6aUzEVDSaf3rYH08PUYUiagGqxAEhj8g9WqqNvD1CupIpCrmnR2OrqHZh/0, createdBy=7f181365728, createdName=飛歌, createdTime=Wed Jun 20 00:46:58 CST 2018, time=2018-06-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=325462, encodeId=ec3632546235, content=学习了.谢谢分享., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/xkvRjYnJzzRJ2R0y7VhicibvkjPWHjIMmu4ZpKnE9cWAu4lVicS3uDUCfF4M4JWvrkrYfpb2KehPV0Ee29tPqyPEebBUibiaKhnvD/0, createdBy=f8412001184, createdName=惠映实验室, createdTime=Tue Jun 19 23:45:21 CST 2018, time=2018-06-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=325429, encodeId=a3a5325429c6, content=了解一下.谢谢分享!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2019/12/23/2f51002e1349ccda5be11c1eea1e1e60.jpg, createdBy=a22097948, createdName=天地飞扬, createdTime=Tue Jun 19 22:15:20 CST 2018, time=2018-06-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=325421, encodeId=8bff3254214e, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=82311653708, createdName=医者仁心5538, createdTime=Tue Jun 19 21:38:38 CST 2018, time=2018-06-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=325420, encodeId=fdf93254200b, content=学习了.涨知识了!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/ajNVdqHZLLDM9swhbgTo7nzqRKzMmzckmEoeTyLQVDCgjqsicjyhxPs0vPoYU6GsSYbCjSkNHicJkz3NL0a0EbUMVdNjkctXI6FocpGKaVr9E/0, createdBy=29392048316, createdName=王秀, createdTime=Tue Jun 19 21:14:28 CST 2018, time=2018-06-19, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-06-19 天地飞扬

    了解一下.谢谢分享!

    0

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    2018-06-19 医者仁心5538

    学习了

    0

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    2018-06-19 王秀

    学习了.涨知识了!

    0

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