Am J Kidney Dis:大数据,大梦想:中国三级医院1950万例住院患者病案首页数据报告:18%的患者有心血管病

2017-07-24 文韬 中国循环杂志

近日,北京大学第一医院张路霞教授等发布了中国慢性肾脏病(CKD)监测数据系统的首个年度(2014年)报告。

近日,北京大学第一医院张路霞教授等发布了中国慢性肾脏病(CKD)监测数据系统的首个年度(2014年)报告。

中国肾脏疾病数据网络(CK-NET)由已故的王海燕教授发起,于2013年正式启动。

该报告分析超过1950万例住院患者数据。同期述评题为“大数据,大梦想(Big Data—Big Dreams)。”

述评介绍,国家医院质量监测系统(HQMS)是一个的包含29个省、近800家三级医院、3900万患者的国家层面住院数据库。在3年的试运行阶段,中国所有三级医院每天自动向HQMS上传标准的电子出院信息,由经过认证的专业医学编码人员进行处理数据。

每个三级医院出院的患者包含346个变量,包括人口统计学、诊断、手术、病理和医疗费用等,均从住院首页中提取。数据库中并不包括实验室指标。

在所有患者中,慢性肾病患者占4.5%,糖尿病和心血管病患者分别占8.0%和17.6%。

报告显示,糖尿病合并慢性肾病的比例为14.5%,高血压合并慢性肾病的比例为9.5%,有心血管病合并慢性肾病为7.0%。

糖尿病合并心血管病的比例高达42%,慢性肾病患者合并心血管病的比例为27.8%。没有肾病的患者仅有17.2%合并心血管病。

在急性冠状动脉综合征、心力衰竭、卒中和其他冠心病患者中,糖尿病的比例分别为8.1%、11.5%、18.2%和23.7%。

在所有急性冠状动脉综合征患者中,慢性肾病的患者接受了冠脉造影、介入治疗和搭桥手术的患者分别为12.5%、8.2%和0.5%,而糖尿病和没有慢性肾病的患者接受冠脉造影比例为30%,介入治疗的比例为19%。

慢性肾病分期越重,冠脉造影和介入治疗的比例也就越低。

报告中,引起慢性肾病的三个主要病因为原发性肾小球肾炎、糖尿病肾病和不明原因引起的慢性肾衰竭,分别占所有病因的17.6%、17.4%和15.2%。不过在利用更大量数据、采用国际公认疾病分类定义的研究中,揭示糖尿病肾病已经取代原发性肾小球肾炎、成为慢性肾病的首位病因。

慢性肾病患者的院内死亡率为1.8%,高于非慢性肾病患者(0.6%)和糖尿病患者(1.0%)。存在合并症的慢性肾病患者的院内死亡率更高,其中合并有癌症、急性冠脉综合征和心力衰竭的院内死亡率分别为6.3%、5.6%和4.3%。

报告还分析了慢性肾病的城乡差异,发现农村患者人数少于城市。城市患者更多存在糖尿病、高血压和心血管病等合并症,而农村患者更多为自身免疫性疾病引起的慢性肾病、梗阻性肾病、原发性肾小球肾炎、不明原因引起的慢性肾衰竭和慢性肾小管间质肾病。

此外,与农村患者相比,城市患者的住院时间更长、费用更高、院内死亡率也更高。农村患者不遵从医嘱出院的比例更高。

原始出处:
Saran, R., et al. (2017). "The China Kidney Disease Network (CK-NET): "Big Data-Big Dreams"." Am J Kidney Dis 69(6): 713-716.

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    2017-07-26 gwc389
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    2017-07-24 三生有幸9135

    学习一下谢谢分享

    0

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    2017-07-24 天涯183

    非常好的文章,学习了,很受益

    0

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    2017-07-24 135****7952平儿

    学了。。。。。。。。。。。。。

    0

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    2017-07-24 flysky120

    好多血管疾病,平时一定注意

    0

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