Science News:抗体检测:筛查新冠病毒“无症状感染者”

2020-02-13 Walter 转化医学网

导读:日前钟南山团队在医学预印本网站上总结的临床报告中,有几点令人震惊的结论:40%以上新冠肺炎患者就诊时无发热症状;病毒潜伏期个体差异很大。这是否说明,人群中流动着隐形的病毒感染者?除了发热症状,更加迅速有效的检测、筛查和诊断方式的发明迫在眉睫。

导读:日前钟南山团队在医学预印本网站上总结的临床报告中,有几点令人震惊的结论:40%以上新冠肺炎患者就诊时无发热症状;病毒潜伏期个体差异很大。这是否说明,人群中流动着隐形的病毒感染者?除了发热症状,更加迅速有效的检测、筛查诊断方式的发明迫在眉睫。

2月11日,Science发表的新闻报道中同样表达了这种担忧,认为目前新型冠状病毒引起的确诊病例和死亡病例数据看似精确,但人们对这场流行病的真实规模和发展速度却不能掉以轻心。由于目前检测手段有限,而且检测地点不够普遍,新冠病毒感染的实际普遍程度可能被严重低估。



在我国研究人员1月11日发布新冠病毒序列的几天后,科学家们就开发了对应的检测方法。到1月28日,中国国家药品监督管理局已经批准了五家公司的诊断试剂盒。中国政府、学者和企业,对未知病原体的惊人反应速度令世界叹服。但这仅仅是个开始。

如今,短缺的检测试剂盒无法应对激增的感染人数,而且不少地区可能缺乏训练有素的实验操作人员。核酸检测是从鼻、咽拭子或肺液中寻找新冠病毒的遗传物质,仅能检测出正在受病毒侵害的人群,因此科学家们仍在争先恐后地检测血液中新冠病毒的抗体,希望不仅能作为诊断依据,还能据此找到曾受感染并自行康复的人。

许多报道称,湖北缺乏诊断。哥伦比亚大学的流行病学家伊恩·利普金(Ian Lipkin)认为:“他们(湖北)有些不知所措。”他在湖北考察时发现,湖北省的核酸检测仅面向病重的肺炎患者,但成千上万的轻症病例可能没有机会接受检测。因此,统计的确诊人数,可能很大程度上是由核酸检测试剂盒的数量决定的。

类似的问题也出现在其他地区。例如,非洲没有确诊病例,但也几乎没有核酸检测途径。非洲疾病控制与预防中心负责人约翰·恩肯加松说,最初只有两个非洲实验室能够检测新冠病毒。“如果这种病毒在12月或1月初首先在非洲出现,那将是毁灭性的打击。”目前已有15个非洲国家的实验室工作人员学会了聚合酶链反应测定新冠病毒的方法。

美国的检测试剂盒也供不应求。法规要求美国疾病控制与预防中心提供全面的新冠病毒筛查,但实际上2月5日才正式开始实行,目前仅供应200个试剂盒,每个试剂盒最多进行800次检测。大多数中国旅客没有经过核酸检测,试剂盒仅用于表现出新冠肺炎症状的人。

许多实验室都在竞相开发抗体测试。这对诊断肺炎早期病例没有多大作用,因为人体针对病毒的免疫反应往往在数周内才完全启动,但将有助于揭示关于新冠病毒传播的神秘问题。

抗体测试使用病毒的表面蛋白来捕获血液中针对新冠病毒产生特异性的抗体,测试使用的血液样本必须来自新冠病毒感染后体内产生足够抗体的患者。目前,美国的单例病例已经达到21天,其体内已有足够的抗体水平。因此,下周由荷兰鹿特丹伊拉斯姆斯医学中心的Marion Koopmans领导的团队预计将启动其第一版抗体测试的研究,预计此后一家公司能将抗体试剂盒在几周内推向市场。

抗体检测将有助于追溯新冠肺炎的爆发时间和地点,以及哪种动物是COVID-19的原始来源。研究者们可以使用抗体检测试剂盒,在储存的人血样本或可能携带病毒的动物样本中寻找曾被感染的证据。最重要的是,抗体检测可以应用于大规模筛查,确认人群中是否有“无症状感染者”或潜伏期患者,从而能有效在源头控制新冠病毒的传播。

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    2020-02-14 marongnuan
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    2020-02-14 jichang
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1305199, encodeId=36af130519958, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ba392659e58' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#体检#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=26597, encryptionId=ba392659e58, topicName=体检)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b191324, createdName=marongnuan, createdTime=Fri Feb 14 23:38:00 CST 2020, time=2020-02-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1353250, encodeId=2d34135325013, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=454a59049db' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#无症状感染者#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=59049, encryptionId=454a59049db, topicName=无症状感染者)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=zhaojie88, createdTime=Fri Feb 14 23:38:00 CST 2020, time=2020-02-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1376034, encodeId=927213e6034a6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2949159989d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SCIE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15998, encryptionId=2949159989d, topicName=SCIE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=17a3387, createdName=jichang, createdTime=Fri Feb 14 23:38:00 CST 2020, time=2020-02-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1485064, encodeId=3ab114850641a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4bbe5902ed2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#无症状#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=59027, encryptionId=4bbe5902ed2, topicName=无症状)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=Bioon/avatar/20180429/70baad2aa5a046c5aa2914d262de7d37.jpg, createdBy=bd077990475, createdName=12498da4m34(暂无昵称), createdTime=Fri Feb 14 23:38:00 CST 2020, time=2020-02-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1535780, encodeId=a9f61535e800d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0e8a551866c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#抗体检测#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=55186, encryptionId=0e8a551866c, topicName=抗体检测)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=682812619358, createdName=tongyongming, createdTime=Fri Feb 14 23:38:00 CST 2020, time=2020-02-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=379192, encodeId=ec473e9192e1, content=最重要的是,抗体检测可以应用于大规模筛查,确认人群中是否有“无症状感染者”或潜伏期患者,从而能有效在源头控制新冠病毒的传播。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=94213848245, createdName=Super宝也!, createdTime=Thu Feb 13 16:47:32 CST 2020, time=2020-02-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1027135, encodeId=8675102e1358b, content=新冠肺炎,疫情何时才能消失, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=公卫新人, createdTime=Thu Feb 13 11:38:00 CST 2020, time=2020-02-13, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1305199, encodeId=36af130519958, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ba392659e58' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#体检#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=26597, encryptionId=ba392659e58, topicName=体检)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b191324, createdName=marongnuan, createdTime=Fri Feb 14 23:38:00 CST 2020, time=2020-02-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1353250, encodeId=2d34135325013, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=454a59049db' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#无症状感染者#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=59049, encryptionId=454a59049db, topicName=无症状感染者)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=zhaojie88, createdTime=Fri Feb 14 23:38:00 CST 2020, time=2020-02-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1376034, encodeId=927213e6034a6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2949159989d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SCIE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15998, encryptionId=2949159989d, topicName=SCIE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=17a3387, createdName=jichang, createdTime=Fri Feb 14 23:38:00 CST 2020, time=2020-02-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1485064, encodeId=3ab114850641a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4bbe5902ed2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#无症状#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=59027, encryptionId=4bbe5902ed2, topicName=无症状)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=Bioon/avatar/20180429/70baad2aa5a046c5aa2914d262de7d37.jpg, createdBy=bd077990475, createdName=12498da4m34(暂无昵称), createdTime=Fri Feb 14 23:38:00 CST 2020, time=2020-02-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1535780, encodeId=a9f61535e800d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0e8a551866c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#抗体检测#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=55186, encryptionId=0e8a551866c, topicName=抗体检测)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=682812619358, createdName=tongyongming, createdTime=Fri Feb 14 23:38:00 CST 2020, time=2020-02-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=379192, encodeId=ec473e9192e1, content=最重要的是,抗体检测可以应用于大规模筛查,确认人群中是否有“无症状感染者”或潜伏期患者,从而能有效在源头控制新冠病毒的传播。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=94213848245, createdName=Super宝也!, createdTime=Thu Feb 13 16:47:32 CST 2020, time=2020-02-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1027135, encodeId=8675102e1358b, content=新冠肺炎,疫情何时才能消失, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=公卫新人, createdTime=Thu Feb 13 11:38:00 CST 2020, time=2020-02-13, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1305199, encodeId=36af130519958, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ba392659e58' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#体检#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=26597, encryptionId=ba392659e58, topicName=体检)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b191324, createdName=marongnuan, createdTime=Fri Feb 14 23:38:00 CST 2020, time=2020-02-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1353250, encodeId=2d34135325013, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=454a59049db' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#无症状感染者#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=59049, encryptionId=454a59049db, topicName=无症状感染者)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=zhaojie88, createdTime=Fri Feb 14 23:38:00 CST 2020, time=2020-02-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1376034, encodeId=927213e6034a6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2949159989d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SCIE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15998, encryptionId=2949159989d, topicName=SCIE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=17a3387, createdName=jichang, createdTime=Fri Feb 14 23:38:00 CST 2020, time=2020-02-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1485064, encodeId=3ab114850641a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4bbe5902ed2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#无症状#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=59027, encryptionId=4bbe5902ed2, topicName=无症状)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=Bioon/avatar/20180429/70baad2aa5a046c5aa2914d262de7d37.jpg, createdBy=bd077990475, createdName=12498da4m34(暂无昵称), createdTime=Fri Feb 14 23:38:00 CST 2020, time=2020-02-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1535780, encodeId=a9f61535e800d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0e8a551866c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#抗体检测#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=55186, encryptionId=0e8a551866c, topicName=抗体检测)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=682812619358, createdName=tongyongming, createdTime=Fri Feb 14 23:38:00 CST 2020, time=2020-02-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=379192, encodeId=ec473e9192e1, content=最重要的是,抗体检测可以应用于大规模筛查,确认人群中是否有“无症状感染者”或潜伏期患者,从而能有效在源头控制新冠病毒的传播。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=94213848245, createdName=Super宝也!, createdTime=Thu Feb 13 16:47:32 CST 2020, time=2020-02-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1027135, encodeId=8675102e1358b, content=新冠肺炎,疫情何时才能消失, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=公卫新人, createdTime=Thu Feb 13 11:38:00 CST 2020, time=2020-02-13, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2020-02-13 Super宝也!

    最重要的是,抗体检测可以应用于大规模筛查,确认人群中是否有“无症状感染者”或潜伏期患者,从而能有效在源头控制新冠病毒的传播。

    0

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    2020-02-13 公卫新人

    新冠肺炎,疫情何时才能消失

    0

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