基于JCI标准优化质量监控指标体系 提升医疗服务质量

2017-09-15 田苗、戴晓娜 中国卫生质量杂志

质量管理办公室在指标选择、协调、整合过程中发挥督导作用,有效推动质量改进和患者安全项目的执行,提升了患者安全和医疗服务质量水平。

JCI标准是世界公认的医疗服务标杆,代表着医院服务和管理的最高水平,是世界卫生组织认可的认证模式[1]。质量监控指标是衡量医院质量管理水平的数据标准,能够直接反映医院的质量管理水平[2]。质量监控重点是医院流程运行的薄弱环节,涉及全院各个部门[3]。浙江大学医学院附属第二医院针对第五版《美国医疗机构评审联合委员会国际部评审标准》,改进了质量监控指标管理工作。

1.医院质量管理组织机构概述

质量改进与患者安全是JCI标准的核心内容。第5版JCI评审标准要求医院构建质量与安全项目管理体系,质量信息能够上传下达,科室层面的优先改进项目与医院层面的优先级项目保持一致,改进举措落实有效;医院各科室和部门需设立与其服务内容相关的质量监控指标,质量管理办公室在指标的选择、整合、分析过程中发挥督导作用。对此,该院建立了院-科两级质量管理体系。医院质量与安全管理委员会统领医疗、护理、院感、设施、器械、药事等委员会,讨论、研究并决策医院质量改进问题。科室质量与安全管理小组由科主任任组长,质量改进联络员负责协助,每季度召开会议,分析科室质量监控指标,讨论改进措施并落实。

2.质量监控指标管理实践

2.1 指标选取原则

医疗质量标准体系是医院内部医疗质量监控的主要指标。实施医疗质量指标全程监控是确保医疗安全,提高医疗质量,保障患者利益的有效手段[4]。质量监控指标选择要综合考虑,既符合卫生行业标准和国际国内评审要求,又具备可操作性。为此,在选择指标时应遵循以下8条原则:(1)符合法律法规和行业标准;(2)符合医院宗旨和发展目标;(3)符合以患者为中心的原则;(4)落实患者安全目标;(5)重点监控高风险、高频率、易出现问题的领域;(6)监控员工安全、临床研究、医学教育、效率和资源使用、合同等管理领域;(7)数据可采集;(8)具有改进空间。

2.2 指标管理要素

质量监控指标管理要素包括指标的定义、选择理由、目标值、指标负责人、数据收集人、数据验证人、收集频率及分析频率、样本量说明、结果如何反馈等,在"质量监控指标计划表"中填写完整。指标和目标值选定理由符合临床实际,改进目标参照国际国内或同行标杆水平,具备可操作性,通过努力可达标;样本量通过计算后确定,具备随机和有代表性。"质量监控指标计划表"的每一项内容由科室质量与安全管理小组讨论后确定。

2.3指标管理方法

2.3.1责任到人 院长是医院质量与安全管理第一责任人,科主任是科室质量管理第一责任人。各科室负责人制定部门质量指标监控计划,进行数据收集、验证、分析和改进工作,按监控频率将指标分析报告提交至质量管理办公室。质量管理办公室汇总、审核、分析质量监控指标数据,完成月报表,落实上报和反馈;对院级重点监控指标进行分析,对全院各科室质量监控计划进行审核、整合与协调,并在实施过程中提供指导和协助。医院质量监控指标工作小组由院领导任组长,每月听取医院重点监控指标汇报并指导改进,同时审核上报卫生行政部门的质量指标数据。医院质量与安全管理委员会由院长任主任委员,每季度召开会议,审核质量指标分析报告并支持改进,确定年度医院优先质量监控与改进领域。院务会审批年度医院优先质量监控与改进领域和每月上报至卫生行政部门的质量监控数据。

2.3.2 畅通的信息沟通 沟通是确保质量改进项目有力推进的重要渠道[5]。通过质量汇报,为院领导提供决策依据;通过信息传达,使员工知晓医院总体改进目标,提高执行力。临床科室质量指标每季度报至质量管理办公室,职能科室指标每季度向相关质量分委会、质量监控指标工作小组汇报,质量管理办公室每季度向医院质量与安全管理委员会汇报,院领导每季度向医学院汇报。院级指标通过周会、委员会会议等向全院科主任、护士长进行传达,科主任、护士长通过科务会议、科室质量与安全管理小组工作会议向全体人员传达质量改进信息。

2.3.3质量培训到位 全院开展形式多样的质量培训,根据参与质量管理的不同角色进行分类培训,对科主任、质量改进联络员、数据采集人、验证人分别提供与其职责相对应的质量培训。如开展联络员会议,指标汇报工作坊,质量监控指标管理专项培训,示范科室作指标管理演示等。质量管理办公室通过分析监控数据,制定全员培训计划。

3.成效

2015年,该院确立了患者辨识、手术安全、院感监控、临床路径、跌倒风险5项监控领域,针对患者安全目标分别建立重点监控环节,如增进有效沟通,对临床危急值处理记录完整率和转科患者交接符合率进行重点监控,对排名前5位的院级临床实践指南设立监控指标。这5项指标是:急性缺血性脑卒中溶栓患者Door-to-Needle,时间≤60分钟比例、急性ST段抬高型心梗患者DTB时间≤90分钟比例、乳腺癌腋清阴性患者术前未行腋窝淋巴结评估率、腹腔镜胆囊切除术后并发症发生率、老年性白内障患者平均住院日。JCI数据库指标5项,职能科室监控指标42项,涵盖了国际患者安全目标、员工安全、临床研究、医学教育、效率和资源使用、合同管理等领域,在高风险、高频率、易出现问题的环节进行重点监控,完成全院性质量改进项目220项,并成功举办了一年一次的医院质量奖与改进成果发布会。

院级重点监控指标,如针对患者安全目标之一的“应用临床路径和诊疗指南,推动标准化诊疗”,把提高电子化临床路径入径率作为年度改进项目。同时,运营管理科对开展电子化临床路径入径前后进行成本效益分析,2015年陆续有44个病种入径,通过标准化诊疗,在提高入径率的同时分析患者效益。结果显示,入径病种患者平均住院日下降2.5天,均次费用下降4 380元。
科室重点监控指标,如在提高ICU患者VTE评估及预防实现率的改进项目中,由综合ICU完成数据的收集、验证、分析,目标值确定为100%。通过加强人员入科培训、实施标准化患者评估流程,至2015年第四季度,VTE评估率达100%,预防实现率从2015年第一季度的53.45%提高到第四季度的92.66%。

4.体会与不足

JCI委员在进行科室质量追踪时始终关注患者安全和质量改进,对指标选择的优先性、数据采集的合理性、流程优化的科学性等都会作详细考量[6],通过现场调查来评价质量监控指标是否真正发挥其作用。因此,建立和运行质量监控指标组织架构非常重要[7]。该院的质量体系架构中,医院质量与安全管理委员会充分利用各种资源,集思广益,快速有效地解决质量改进过程中的重点难题;各部门既独立又有交叉,权责分明,分工到位;质量管理办公室是委员会的秘书部门,及时完成数据分析,向委员会汇报医院质量改进趋势和存在问题,同时做好指标的衡量和把关,发挥枢纽和桥梁作用,与各部门通力合作促进医院质量管理水平有效提升。

需要注意的是,质量监控指标的收集、分析和改善需要信息系统强有力的支撑,医院信息部门应加快信息化建设步伐和深化信息系统应用,提高医院信息化管理水平,为相关业务开展提供技术支撑[8]。质量改进人员全程参与指标管理工作,定期对监控数据进行精准分析,寻找不良事件真因,提出可行有效的改善方案。但由于人力资源有限,质量改进联络员大多由高年资临床医生兼任,需对其进行质量管理专业培训,逐渐引导其树立质量为本理念,在目标时间内促进质量指标快速、稳定提升。

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  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1982082, encodeId=d39e198208234, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=12c010266f0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#JCI#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10266, encryptionId=12c010266f0, topicName=JCI)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=5e30378, createdName=caobinglei8079, createdTime=Tue Jun 12 05:24:00 CST 2018, time=2018-06-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1971138, encodeId=49ca19e1138eb, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=182b3503e43' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#医疗服务质量#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=35037, encryptionId=182b3503e43, topicName=医疗服务质量)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b30d401, createdName=huangshifeng, createdTime=Tue May 08 23:24:00 CST 2018, time=2018-05-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1303477, encodeId=0efb13034e7c3, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=90fa35013c4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#医疗服务#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=35013, encryptionId=90fa35013c4, topicName=医疗服务)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=da20314, createdName=lfcmxl, createdTime=Sun Sep 17 10:24:00 CST 2017, time=2017-09-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=244689, encodeId=b8dd2446892d, content=学习了.谢谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3zSn0GqHrsfLGSUSR8zwnWWLT4FMl5XH8S58HuZslVkLsAPbXDXaliagK7TOxQfmngKibG1yrDonepCLDkcxGk8hS/0, createdBy=b8282062892, createdName=changjiu, createdTime=Sat Sep 16 19:31:47 CST 2017, time=2017-09-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=244409, encodeId=a9d524440984, content=不错的文章值得学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=48, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=04f22055142, createdName=131****2916, createdTime=Fri Sep 15 22:38:04 CST 2017, time=2017-09-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=244376, encodeId=e3cb2443e68f, content=谢谢分享知识, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6KcicAVC1MwuF63NQckT5BOaic1el7cRelbpr859YXtZQHQSaWnqZCRPOZzDBcjsBNx7AFefLHh1UvMPS4kPP0BG/0, createdBy=47831990981, createdName=1e1a50a1m36(暂无匿称), createdTime=Fri Sep 15 19:44:05 CST 2017, time=2017-09-15, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-09-16 changjiu

    学习了.谢谢

    0

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    2017-09-15 131****2916

    不错的文章值得学习

    0

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    2017-09-15 1e1a50a1m36(暂无匿称)

    谢谢分享知识

    0

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