BJH:高龄患者的原发性免疫性血小板减少症表现和治疗的特殊性

2021-11-17 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

80岁的原发性ITP患者与65-79岁的≥患者有相似的表现、管理和疾病演变。与任何出血相关的血小板计数阈值为<20×109 /L。必须注意与抗凝剂的暴露,这是≥80岁的患者严重出血的主要风险

免疫性血小板减少症(ITP)是成人和儿童中最常见的自身免疫性细胞减少症。其特征是由于血小板加速破坏和巨核生成障碍而导致的孤立的血小板减少。ITP发病率在60岁>成人中达到峰值,在75岁>男性中达到9/10万。但关于老年患者(老年≥80岁)原发性免疫性血小板减少症(ITP)的表现和管理的资料缺乏。事实上,这一人群表现出更多的共病,更多的药物暴露(包括抗血小板和抗凝药物),以及更高的药物不良反应倾向。与之的危险因素尚不清楚,包括与出血相关的血小板计数阈值。

国外一研究的目的是评估非常年老患者(VEPs:年龄≥80岁)原发性ITP与老年患者(EPs:年龄65-79岁)的临床表现和管理,并确定最初表现时出血的危险因素。他们的数据来源是潜在的卡门-法国登记处,选取了2013-2018年纳入的患者。将ITP表现和管理与老年患者(EPs;65-79岁)进行比较。他们评估了静脉ep中ITP发病时出血的相关因素。541例患者中,纳入184例:VEP组87例,EP组97例。

VEP组的平均年龄为85.7岁。VEP组的共病更为常见(67.4%vs.47.9%)。ITP发病时的中位血小板计数相似,在VEP组和EP组中,血小板计数<20×109 /L的患者出现任何出血和黏膜出血的频率均增加,但严重出血往往多见于vep(10.3%vs.4.1%,P=0.1)和死亡率。ITP药物暴露、一线治疗反应、需要二线治疗、持续发展、出血发生、感染和血栓形成在两组间没有差异

患者特征:

EP组和VEP组患者血小板计数引起免疫性血小板减少时的出血事件:

VEP患者发生任何出血,以及黏膜出血和严重出血的风险:

VEP和EP组的一线和二线治疗:

EP和VEP患者组中死亡、出血、感染和血栓形成的累积发生率:

他们还发现在VEP组中存在的严重出血似乎与血小板计数无关,而与抗凝血药物高度相关。这是因为几乎所有的患者都接受了阿司匹林的治疗。阿司匹林是一种不可逆的环氧合酶-1拮抗剂,被阿司匹林抑制的血小板可能在ITP中迅速清除,这解释了阿司匹林对ITP患者出血表型的低影响。这应该推动指南反对将阿司匹林作为ITP出血的强危险因素,而不需要针对接触该药物的患者设定更高的血小板计数阈值。然而,这一发现必须被具体的研究所证实。

总之,80岁的原发性ITP患者与65-79岁的≥患者有相似的表现、管理和疾病演变。与任何出血相关的血小板计数阈值为<20×109 /L。必须注意与抗凝剂的暴露,这是≥80岁的患者严重出血的主要风险,无论血小板计数如何。

原始出处:

Sokal, A., de Nadaï, T., Maquet, J., Comont, T., Limal, N., Michel, M., Beyne-Rauzy, O., Godeau, B., Adoue, D., Mahévas, M., Moulis, G. and (2021), Primary immune thrombocytopenia in very elderly patients: particularities in presentation and management: results from the prospective CARMEN-France Registry. Br J Haematol. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjh.17935.

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    2022-05-09 whlxd
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    2021-11-21 万里晴空

    厉害

    0

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    2021-11-17 xlysu

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