人体细胞竟成了3D打印的材料,用来制造器官

2017-05-04 Eddie 36氪

患有肾病的人移植器官要等待三至五年,在有的国家甚至要更久。等待移植胰腺的病人要排两年的队。心脏移植要等几个月。在不久的将来,有了3D打印技术,以含有人体细胞的一种特殊凝胶为材料,几个礼拜就可以把器官打印出来。


患有肾病的人移植器官要等待三至五年,在有的国家甚至要更久。等待移植胰腺的病人要排两年的队。心脏移植要等几个月。在不久的将来,有了3D打印技术,以含有人体细胞的一种特殊凝胶为材料,几个礼拜就可以把器官打印出来。

打印精度高,植入后无排斥反应

“在这个世界上,每30秒就有病人因得不到组织移植而死亡。”威克森林再生医学研究所(Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine)主任Anthony Atala表示,“捐献者提供的组织和器官一直供不应求。如今,有了可再生医学,人们有望在实验室制造用于移植的器官,解决器官短缺的问题。这种器官是用病人自己的细胞制造的,里面的组织也来自病人本身,因此不会出现组织排斥反应。”

研究员用的设备和其他3D打印技术一样,打印精度很高。不过,3D器官打印技术用的材料不是塑料和金属,而是一种特殊的凝胶。这种凝胶含有人体细胞以及一种可生物降解、类似塑料的材质,这种材质能够让组织保持在某种特定形状。3D器官打印技术制造的活体组织之所以能够存活,靠的是组织结构内部密密麻麻、像毛细血管般的通道,这种通道可以在移植组织的时候为其输送营养物和氧气。

植入人体后能继续生长

2016年,研究员宣布成功用3D打印技术研制出一只婴儿大小的人耳、一只下颚骨以及肌肉组织。把这些器官植入到实验动物以后,这些器官都成功地存活,并且还能够生长。在此之前,研究员经过多次尝试,也没能使这些器官活下来。一个月以后,那只耳朵内的血管开始了生长。

我们已经利用3D打印技术制造出用在人身上的生理构造,它们植入实验体内以后,神经系统和血管都开始了生长并且可以正常运作。这项研究表明,我们的3D器官打印技术的成果在尺寸、强度和功能方面能够适用于人体。

——Anthony Atala, Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine

在此之前,研究员也研制出用于移植的组织和器官,不过是用手工制作的。如今有了3D器官打印技术,更多人能够因此受惠。

力求规模化生产,造福更多人

一开始的时候,这些技术最大的挑战在于必须要在实验室制造出可植入人体的器官。研究员表示:“我们如今已经用工程学的专业技术成功移植了皮肤、尿道、软管、膀胱、肌肉和阴道组织等几个器官和组织。这些器官都是手工制作的。我们的目标就是用生物打印技术制作出同样的器官。有了这项技术,我们就能够实现自动化、规模化生产,造福更多病人。”

威克森林再生医学研究所正在与美国陆军医学研究与装备司令部(the U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command )和医药科技企业联盟(the Medical Technology Enterprise Consortium)展开合作,新投入2 000万美元,生产标准的“生物墨水”和标准化液体,从而改进打印工序,真正实现广泛应用。同时,该团队也在准备临床试验。

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    2017-05-07 lyh994

    科技进步产生的飞跃

    0

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    2017-05-05 1ddf0692m34(暂无匿称)

    太多人需要这项技术救命!

    0

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    2017-05-04 林3301

    恩,新技术新发现

    0

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    2017-05-04 ayl3691

    再生医学,生物工程,3D打印,为器官移植带来曙光。

    0

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