ERJ:血吸虫病肺动脉高压患者动脉血管体积变化与血流动力学的关系

2021-10-08 刘少飞 MedSci原创

众所周知,血吸虫病是肺动脉高压 (PAH) 的常见病因,目前被归类为第 1 组肺动脉高压 (PH) 。

众所周知,血吸虫病是肺动脉高压 (PAH) 的常见病因,目前被归类为第 1 组肺动脉高压 (PH) 。与其他 PAH 病因(如特发性 PAH)相比,血吸虫病相关 PAH (Sch-PAH) 尚未得到广泛研究。血吸虫病中 PAH 发展的潜在机制包括全身和局部肺部炎症、其他器官的受累,如肝脏和脾脏,以及寄生虫卵栓塞直接阻塞毛细血管前血管。目前,Sch-PAH 的诊断依赖于使用右心导管插入术的血液动力学评估。在 PH 的几种病因中,已通过肺血管造影和肺部计算机断层扫描 (CT) 量化了可视化远端血管容积的损失。此外,已证明远端血管容积的减少与组织学上血管横截面积的减少有关。在这项初步研究中,假设与一组对照受试者相比,肺动脉血管容积的相对损失与 Sch-PAH 患者的血流动力学存在差异。

三个血吸虫病流行的 PH 中心:巴西圣保罗圣保罗联邦大学;巴西贝洛奥里藏特米纳斯吉拉斯联邦大学;巴西圣卡萨萨尔瓦多、巴伊亚、巴西。

Sch-PAH 的诊断依据:

1) 显着暴露于流行地区、血吸虫病治疗史或粪便检查或直肠活检中存在曼氏血吸虫虫卵的病史;

2) 影像学上存在肝脾疾病(门静脉周围纤维化或肝左叶肿大);

3) 没有其他明显的第 1 组 PAH 原因;

4) PAH 血流动力学标准,包括平均肺动脉压 (mPAP) ⩾ 25 mmHg、肺动脉楔压 (PAWP) ⩽15 mmHg 和肺血管阻力 (PVR) ⩾ 3 伍德单位 (WU)(观察范围:mPAP,36-86 mmHg;PAWP,4-15 mmHg;和 PVR,5.7–36.8 WU)。从先前在布莱根妇女医院(美国马萨诸塞州波士顿)接受有创心肺运动试验 (CPET) 呼吸困难的一组患者中确定了 17 名接受薄层胸部 CT 的对照受试者,但没有发现任何证据PH(观察范围:mPAP,9-21 mmHg;PAWP,7-14 mmHg;PVR,0.2-2.1 WU)和正常的运动生理极限。

 

a) 来自对照受试者(左)和血吸虫病相关肺动脉高压 (Sch-PAH) 患者(右)的代表性血管重建动脉显示远端小血管的相对损失和近端血管的扩张。
b) 动脉小血管体积(顶部)和动脉大血管体积(底部)的相对分布显示动脉小血管体积(定义为横截面积 ⩽5 mm2 的血管中的体积)和动脉大血管体积(定义为Sch-PAH 患者中横截面积大于 5 mm2 的血管体积。
c) 该图显示了每个受试者的动脉小血管分数与其 log(PVR 指数)的关系,受试者按组和动脉 BV5% 排名。在 Sch-PAH 组中,动脉 BV5% 与 log(PVR 指数)呈负相关,表明小动脉血管容量的减少与更大的肺血管阻力(PVR)有关(Spearman 相关性,ρ=-0.50)。在对照组中没有这种联系的证据,其中相关性为正且较弱(ρ=0.31)。

本研究受限于数据收集的回顾性、样本量小、CT 成像分辨率固有的局限性以及不同站点之间图像采集的差异。
尽管如此,据我们所知,这是第一项表征 Sch-PAH 肺血管结构的研究,增加了对 Sch-PAH 病理生理学理解的框架。
总之,目前的初步研究结果表明,在 Sch-PAH 中,动脉小血管体积减少并与 PVR 指数呈负相关。 需要在更大的前瞻性队列中验证这些方法,以评估它们在 Sch-PAH 中进行非侵入性筛查、诊断和监测的潜力。

 

文献出处:

Rahaghi FN. Arterial vascular volume changes with haemodynamics in schistosomiasis-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension. Eur Respir J. 2021 May 6;57(5):2003914. doi: 10.1183/13993003.03914-2020. PMID: 33446601; PMCID: PMC8106660.

 

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