Am J Psychiatry:新型抗精神病药显著改善阴性症状

2017-10-18 佚名 大话精神

尽管有相应的治疗方案,但精神分裂症的阴性症状包括情感冷漠、快感缺失、迟钝、言语贫乏、社会动机减退等仍较为普遍且具有持续性。

尽管有相应的治疗方案,但精神分裂症的阴性症状包括情感冷漠、快感缺失、迟钝、言语贫乏、社会动机减退等仍较为普遍且具有持续性。

之前研究显示,包括氨磺必利、阿塞那平及卡利拉嗪在内的抗精神病药可能有助于改善阴性症状,但特异性及优势不明,因为改善阳性症状及降低锥体外系反应(EPS)也可能同时改善阴性症状。此外,一些D2受体拮抗剂还可导致继发性阴性症状,且常常难以与原发性阴性症状相鉴别。

MIN-101

新药MIN-101对5-HT2A及σ2受体具有同等亲和力,但对DA受体无直接亲和力。MIN-101同时具有α1受体亲和力,但对胆碱能受体和组胺受体无亲和力。

在啮齿动物模型中,MIN-101可改善社会干预和自发变换行为,并能减少兴奋性运动,但没有镇静效果。

在12周的2a随机对照试验中,MIN-101与安慰剂对比,能显着改善急性精神分裂症患者的阴性症状。Davidson及其同事进行了一项为期12周的2b随机对照试验,发现与安慰剂相比,MIN-101的精神分裂症患者症状稳定。

研究方法

1)研究人员自2015年5月-12月,在欧洲6个国家共招募了244名DSM-5诊断为精神分裂症的患者(年龄在18岁至60岁之间)。纳入标准为:精神科医生判断为临床症状稳定的患者;阴性症状至少持续3个月且基线PANSS阴性量表评分≥20;表现为兴奋、过度活跃、攻击性、怀疑、不合作以及控制不良的PANSS评分< 4。排除标准为:QT间期延长的个人或家族史;CYP2D6不良代谢者;严重自杀风险;不稳定的医学疾病,或近期药物滥用。



2)所有参与者均需住院治疗,经过至少5天的洗脱期(停药至少5天,长效抗精神病药物注射剂至少停用1个月)后,受试者被随机分入MIN-101 32mg/d、MIN-101 64mg/d及安慰剂组(1:1:1),连续治疗12周。分别在基线、2、4、8和12周进行评估。

3)除了用于治疗失眠或激越的急救药物,或用于治疗急性锥体外系副反应的抗胆碱能药物,不使用其他药物。

4)主要转归为PANSS阴性因子得分(五角结构模型)

5)次要转归包括PANSS总分和亚量表评分;简明阴性症状量表评分(BNSS);临床全球印象量表(CGI)得分、精神分裂症简明认知评估量表(BACS认知)和Calgary精神分裂症抑郁量表(CDSS)等。研究同时监测了药物副作用情况。

6)对所有数据采用混合效果模型分析,得到主要终点的数据(基线到12周的PANSS阴性因子得分)。

研究结果

1)244名患者(100%白人;男性56%,平均年龄41岁,平均BMI值26)随机至少接受一次研究药物。受试者基线平均PANSS总分为80,阴性子量表平均得分26.8分。第12周,与安慰剂组相比,MIN-101 32 mg/d组和64 mg/d组的患者,其PANSS阴性因子得分显着降低,效应大小分别为0.45和0.57。

2)在第8周,两个MIN-101组的阴性症状显着改善,并持续到第12周。阴性症状的改善并非由情绪改善引起的。与安慰剂相比,MIN-101 64 mg/d组在研究终点也显着改善PANSS总分、CGI、CDSS和BACS的得分。



PANSS阴性评定分量表的变化




PANSS总分的变化

3)所有参与者的体重和常规实验室检查都没有变化。在MIN-101组中,有57%的患者报告至少一例紧急不良事件,包括症状恶化,呕吐和腹痛,以及晕厥和心动过缓。最常见的不良反应是头痛、焦虑和失眠。

结论

MIN-101对精神分裂症阴性症状具有较好的耐受性,这一结果也排除了锥体外系反应、阳性症状、破盲等潜在混杂因素对结果的干扰。由于正处于研究的早期阶段,因此,仍需要进行进一步研究。

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