Schizophrenia Bulletin:用烟酸冲洗皮肤即可确定精神分裂症

2017-11-20 佚名 大话精神

由于目前还没有建立精神分裂症的客观标记物,因此确定具有均一生化特征的患者亚群将为研究人员和临床医生了解和管理该疾病提供新视角。

精神分裂症是由复杂的遗传因素和环境因素引起的毁灭性精神疾病。精神分裂症的病理过程和临床表现具有异质性,影响了对该疾病的精确诊断和治疗。由于目前还没有建立精神分裂症的客观标记物,因此确定具有均一生化特征的患者亚群将为研究人员和临床医生了解和管理该疾病提供新视角。

在这项研究中,研究人员在中国人群中使用了烟酸皮肤冲洗试验,并证实了一种与情绪障碍和正常人有区别的精神分裂症患者的烟酸减弱亚组。该亚组占精神分裂症总患者的30.67%,男性为88.37%,女性为83.75%。该研究于10月25日在线发表在《Schizophrenia Bulletin》上。

该研究包括163名精神分裂症患者,63名心境障碍(抑郁症,躁狂症或躁郁症)患者和63名健康对照者。参与者进行烟酸皮肤冲洗测试,包括在前臂上施用四种不同浓度的烟酸。中国上海交通大学Chunling Wan博士领导的研究人员发现,与心境障碍和对照组相比,精神分裂症患者对烟酸的反应迟钝。

“在这项研究中,我们在一个相对较大的样本集中使用了烟酸皮试,并且成功地从心境障碍患者和对照组患者中筛选出了一组具有令人印象深刻的特异性烟酸偏低的精神分裂症患者。”作者写道。“我们的研究结果为精神分裂症的病因研究提供了额外的线索,有助于优化临床策略,促进精神分裂症患者的精确诊断和个性化药物治疗。”

缺乏诊断标记

作者指出,缺乏诊断标志物一直是精神分裂症临床治疗中的一个挑战。

先前的研究已经证明,与正常对照人员相比,精神分裂症患者在烟酸冲洗试验中需要更高剂量的烟酸来产生皮肤潮红。这一发现进一步调查了烟酸和精神分裂症之间的潜在联系。

作者解释说,烟酸引起的皮肤潮红是由角质形成细胞和表皮免疫细胞上广泛表达的HCA2介导的,最终导致血管舒张,皮肤发红。作者将精神分裂症的烟酸皮肤冲洗试验描述为“直观的和生物化学的”,并注意到它已被“成功地复制在各种群体中”。然而,以前的研究采用了不同的程序和不同的标准,难以对各研究进行比较。

作者解释说,他们选择心境障碍作为精神分裂症患者中烟酸皮肤潮红反应的比较,因为心境障碍与精神分裂症具有共同的症状,以及常见的生物化学和遗传特性。

以前的一些研究表明,烟酸治疗对双相情感障碍患者的反应也有所减弱。然而,既往有关精神分裂症烟酸皮肤反应的研究并未包括心境障碍作为比较对象,只有双相障碍和抑郁症没有发生躁狂的患者才被纳入研究。

此外,大多数研究仅在白人患者中进行,样本量较小。因此,研究人员决定研究中国汉族人群。他们包括躁狂症、抑郁症和躁郁症患者作为心境障碍比较组,以及对照组。目的是将精神分裂症与心境障碍进行区分。

有效指标

研究人员从一家医院的住院病人中招募了精神分裂症患者和心境障碍患者,并从同一医院的工作人员中招募年龄匹配的对照组,包括医生和护士。排除标准包括:存在神经系统疾病或物质依赖,过去14天内使用非甾体或类固醇抗炎药物,严重皮肤疾病或可引起显著免疫应答的疾病以及孕妇。

所用烟酸溶液的浓度分别为0.1、0.01、0.001和0.0001M。将这些反应拍照并评分,其中0表示无红斑,1表示不完全性红斑,2表示在贴片覆盖的区域内完全红斑,3表示红斑超出了贴片覆盖区域之外。



在精神分裂症组中,<3%(n=4)的患者为首发,其余为反复发作。心境障碍组有23例躁狂症,32例躁郁症,5例抑郁症。超过90%的人反复发作。

与对照组相比,精神分裂症组患者在所有情况下均表现出较低的平均红斑评分,“这表明精神分裂症患者的烟酸潮红具有延迟或减弱现象。“

虽然心境障碍组在最低浓度(0.0001M)或最短时间点(5分钟)与精神分裂症组相似,但在20分钟时或者在更高的时间点浓度(0.01M)具有比较性。在20分钟时,心境障碍组在0.1M时显示比对照组更强烈的皮肤潮红,这表明心境障碍组的烟酸冲洗响应相当迟缓但没有减少。

对照组和心境障碍组在0.1M的15分钟测试中得分显著高于精神分裂症组(P=0.001)。男性受试者的分数显著高于女性受试者(P=0.004)。在总分测试中,对照组评分显著高于精神分裂症组(P<.0001),而性别(P=0.037)和教育(P=0.004)对评分也有影响。

因此,烟酸皮试可能成为一个新的工具,不仅可以促进对精神分裂症的研究,还能用于预测、诊断和治疗该疾病。

结论

在本研究中,研究人员在一个相对较大的样本集中使用烟酸皮试,并成功地从心境障碍患者和健康对照组中筛选出了一组烟碱型精神分裂症患者,并具有显著特异性。这些烟酸减少的精神分裂症患者约占精神分裂症患者的三分之一,在女性中比在男性中更为普遍。

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    2017-11-27 sunfeifeiyang

    烟酸确定精分

    0

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    2017-11-27 神功盖世

    烟酸与精分

    0

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    2017-11-22 zblhy
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    2017-11-21 神功盖世

    学习

    0

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    2017-11-21 sunfeifeiyang

    烟酸冲皮肤确定精分

    0

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