Lancet:阿奇霉素防止非囊性纤维化支气管扩张症病情恶化

2012-08-27 丁香园 丁香园

研究者发现阿奇霉素(希舒美)有助于防止非囊性纤维化支气管扩张症(以下简称支扩症)患者病情的恶化。新西兰奥克兰市米德摩尔医院(Middlemore Hospital)的Conroy Wong博士和他的同事在8月18日的《柳叶刀》上报道了他们的新发现:服用阿奇霉素6个月的受试者较随机安慰剂组的受试者在基于事件的恶化风险上有62%的相对降低量(P<0.0001)。支扩症患者常伴随有气道炎症,慢性细

研究者发现阿奇霉素(希舒美)有助于防止非囊性纤维化支气管扩张症(以下简称支扩症)患者病情的恶化。

新西兰奥克兰市米德摩尔医院(Middlemore Hospital)的Conroy Wong博士和他的同事在8月18日的《柳叶刀》上报道了他们的新发现:服用阿奇霉素6个月的受试者较随机安慰剂组的受试者在基于事件的恶化风险上有62%的相对降低量(P<0.0001)。

支扩症患者常伴随有气道炎症,慢性细菌感染和肺部周期性恶化。因某事件如感染引起的病情恶化以每人年1.5到6.5的速率发生并且与增长的住院风险相关。然而鲜有循证治疗可供预防和控制病情恶化。某些研究曾显示大环内酯类抗生素具有抗炎性和免疫调节的性质,可能对这一人群(支扩症患者)更加有效。

因此Wong他们于2008年2月至10月期间在支扩症患者身上使用了阿奇霉素来评估大环内酯类抗生素对“控制病情恶化” (EMBRACE)试验的疗效。患者人群由71名在近一年内至少出现过一次肺部恶化的成年人组成。这些成年人在近一年内需要抗生素治疗并且做过一次支扩症的CT诊断。

在6个月的试验期内,受试者每周3次随机服用500mg阿奇霉素。而另外70人则在相同的治疗安排下随机服用安慰剂。主要疗效终点为基于事件的恶化率,1秒钟用力呼气容积(FEV1)和圣乔治呼吸问卷(SGRQ)的总评分变化量。研究者发现,与安慰剂组出现103例基于事件的恶化相比,抗生素组仅有42例。这使得治疗组具有一个更低的基于事件的恶化率(0.59/人vs 1.57/人)。这相当于阿奇霉素组有一个62%的相对降低量。阿奇霉素组一年后基于事件的恶化率仍然明显低于安慰剂组(1.58 vs 2.73),与此相一致的是抗生素组的风险具有一个42%的相对降低量 (RR 0.58, 95% CI 0.46 to 0.74, P<0.0001)。但是两组在基于症状的恶化年率上没有显著的差异,不过研究者声称该研究中所用的定义是不含咳嗽的(支扩症主要的症状)。然而,是否一个包含咳嗽的定义能够增强试验中两种恶化(基于症状的恶化和基于事件的恶化)之间的一致性尚不清楚。支气管扩张剂使用前阿奇霉素组的FEV1基线不会变化,但是安慰剂组中的基线下降了0.04L。然而,这种差异并不显著(P=0.251)。两组中SGRQ评分的变化量差异不明显。阿奇霉素组6个月后SGRQ症状评分下降更多,但1年后差异又不明显。在被报道的不利事件中,阿奇霉素组胃肠道症状——恶心,呕吐,腹泻,上腹部不适和便秘出现更频繁(P=0.005),但是这些症状比较温和。这项研究还比较局限,因为它没有例行检查大环内酯类抗生素的耐药性。研究人员也因为资源受限没有按照常规操作对痰液进行取样。但他们仍然做出结论,服用抗生素6个月能降低基于事件的恶化率。这是一项患者在治疗结束后6个月内都能持续获得的益处。

Wong他们也建议筛选患者进行长期阿奇霉素治疗需谨慎。被筛选的患者需具备的条件有:在近一年内至少出现过一次病情恶化,近6个月内接受大环内酯类抗生素治疗的次数不超过3次且为非结合分支杆菌感染。他们补充到,医生们也要考虑到常见病原体如肺炎链球菌对大环内酯类抗生素的耐药性正在增强,而大环内酯类抗生素的过度使用也是导致患者出现耐药性的最重要的驱动因素。

英国皇家布朗普顿医院(Royal Brompton Hospital)的Robert Wilson博士和Athol Wells博士在一篇附加评论中进一步解释到,仅仅只有这点筛选患者的条件还远远不够。Wong他们对抗生素耐药性的担心“似乎证明了一个比他们最终主张的方法更具选择性的途径。”相反,Wilson和Wells建议“尽管要坚持早期广谱抗生素和物理疗法的使用来治疗感染性恶化,但对轻度功能受损的患者不推荐进行长期的阿奇霉素治疗,除非出现主要发病率或者疾病进展的证据。

原始链接

Wong C, Jayaram L, Karalus N, Eaton T, Tong C, Hockey H, Milne D, Fergusson W, Tuffery C, Sexton P, Storey L, Ashton T.Azithromycin for prevention of exacerbations in non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis (EMBRACE): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.Lancet. 2012 Aug 18;380(9842):660-7.
 

拓展阅读:   

  • FDA审核阿奇霉素的心血管危险
  • NEJM:阿奇霉素轻微增加心血管死亡风险
  • JAMA:阿奇霉素的治疗可维持肠道长期较低的带菌率
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      2013-07-07 wolongzxh
    6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1684622, encodeId=5fb51684622e2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=794754e74f4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#扩张#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=54774, encryptionId=794754e74f4, topicName=扩张)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=395f25, createdName=爆笑小医, createdTime=Wed Jul 24 12:50:00 CST 2013, time=2013-07-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1892006, encodeId=43d4189200693, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1b445e1232d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#支气管#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=57123, encryptionId=1b445e1232d, topicName=支气管)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f503121, createdName=zjubiostat, createdTime=Sun Apr 14 08:50:00 CST 2013, time=2013-04-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1764941, encodeId=95db1e64941a8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=df00e086653' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#病情#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=70866, encryptionId=df00e086653, topicName=病情)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=d1dc37824931, createdName=ms7524819409032184, createdTime=Mon Apr 15 14:50:00 CST 2013, time=2013-04-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2043131, encodeId=63182043131c1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1099e087025' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#病情恶化#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=70870, encryptionId=1099e087025, topicName=病情恶化)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=aae2431, createdName=venlin, createdTime=Thu May 02 18:50:00 CST 2013, time=2013-05-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1675794, encodeId=c01116e5794ee, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7395403e580' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#囊性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=40375, encryptionId=7395403e580, topicName=囊性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=926927300775, createdName=wolongzxh, createdTime=Sun Jul 07 15:50:00 CST 2013, time=2013-07-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1997569, encodeId=075f199e56939, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=14c89935e4b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#非囊性纤维化支气管扩张#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=99357, encryptionId=14c89935e4b, topicName=非囊性纤维化支气管扩张)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e6ac207, createdName=xlwang2691, createdTime=Sun Mar 24 20:50:00 CST 2013, time=2013-03-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1827452, encodeId=66d4182e45298, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1b6210686b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Lancet#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10686, encryptionId=1b6210686b2, topicName=Lancet)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3f0227, createdName=howi, createdTime=Mon May 27 01:50:00 CST 2013, time=2013-05-27, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1684622, encodeId=5fb51684622e2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=794754e74f4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#扩张#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=54774, encryptionId=794754e74f4, topicName=扩张)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=395f25, createdName=爆笑小医, createdTime=Wed Jul 24 12:50:00 CST 2013, time=2013-07-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1892006, encodeId=43d4189200693, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1b445e1232d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#支气管#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=57123, encryptionId=1b445e1232d, topicName=支气管)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f503121, createdName=zjubiostat, createdTime=Sun Apr 14 08:50:00 CST 2013, time=2013-04-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1764941, encodeId=95db1e64941a8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=df00e086653' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#病情#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=70866, encryptionId=df00e086653, topicName=病情)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=d1dc37824931, createdName=ms7524819409032184, createdTime=Mon Apr 15 14:50:00 CST 2013, time=2013-04-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2043131, encodeId=63182043131c1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1099e087025' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#病情恶化#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=70870, encryptionId=1099e087025, topicName=病情恶化)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=aae2431, createdName=venlin, createdTime=Thu May 02 18:50:00 CST 2013, time=2013-05-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1675794, encodeId=c01116e5794ee, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7395403e580' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#囊性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=40375, encryptionId=7395403e580, topicName=囊性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=926927300775, createdName=wolongzxh, createdTime=Sun Jul 07 15:50:00 CST 2013, time=2013-07-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1997569, encodeId=075f199e56939, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=14c89935e4b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#非囊性纤维化支气管扩张#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=99357, encryptionId=14c89935e4b, topicName=非囊性纤维化支气管扩张)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e6ac207, createdName=xlwang2691, createdTime=Sun Mar 24 20:50:00 CST 2013, time=2013-03-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1827452, encodeId=66d4182e45298, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1b6210686b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Lancet#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10686, encryptionId=1b6210686b2, topicName=Lancet)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3f0227, createdName=howi, createdTime=Mon May 27 01:50:00 CST 2013, time=2013-05-27, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
      2013-05-27 howi

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