Ann Pharmacother:静脉万古霉素与3级肥胖症患者肾毒性的发生相关?

2017-08-11 何娜,吴刚 环球医学

万古霉素广泛用于治疗严重革兰氏阳性细菌感染,包括耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌。2017年7月,发表在《Ann Pharmacother》的一项由美国科学家进行的研究表明,静脉(IV)万古霉素与3级肥胖症患者肾毒性的发生相关。

万古霉素广泛用于治疗严重革兰氏阳性细菌感染,包括耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌。2017年7月,发表在《Ann Pharmacother》的一项由美国科学家进行的研究表明,静脉(IV)万古霉素与3级肥胖症患者肾毒性的发生相关。请看本期多学科讨论组临床药师各抒己见为您梳理本文看点——

背景:共识声明推荐,初始IV万古霉素的剂量为每8~24小时15~20mg/kg,也可选择25~30mg/kg的负荷剂量。虽然已有一些研究表明体重和万古霉素相关的肾毒性之间存在相关性,但是不同研究间结果并不一致。

目的:旨在评估非肥胖和肥胖患者中,基于体重的IV万古霉素剂量策略相关的肾毒性的发生率。

方法:该回顾性队列研究评估了接受IV万古霉素的住院患者。患者分为非肥胖(体重指数BMI<25kg/m2)、1和2级肥胖(BMI,30~39.9kg/m2)、3级肥胖(BMI≥40kg/m2)。排除超重而非肥胖的患者。评估了肾毒性的发生率和血清万古霉素谷浓度。

结果:总共记录到的62例肾毒性(15.1%)中,非肥胖、1和2级肥胖、3级肥胖组分别有13例(8.7%)、23例(14.3%)和26例(26.3%)(P=0.002)。较长的治疗时间(P<0.0001)、以总的mg/d(P=0.0137)和mg/kg(P=0.0307)表示的较高的初始维持剂量、任何谷浓度>20mg/L(P<0.0001)等,都为肾毒性发生的预测因素。同时服用哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、利尿剂、IV对比剂与肾毒性的发生相关(P<0.005)。3级肥胖的患者发生肾毒性的可能性为非肥胖患者(比值比OR,2.29;95% CI,1.12~7.94)和1和2级肥胖患者(OR,3.14;95% CI,1.27~7.75)的3倍。

结论:肥胖和其他因素与较高的万古霉素相关肾毒性风险相关。

多学科讨论记实:

研究者发现,接受万古霉素的患者中,III级肥胖与发生肾毒性统计学相关,肾毒性可能性增加近3倍。这些结果与2项研究相似。2项研究发现,体重超过101 kg的患者,发生肾毒性的风险约增加3~3.5倍。但是,一项纳入207名肥胖患者(BMI≥30 kg/m2)和比较组323名“较瘦”患者(BMI<30 kg/m2)的研究发现,肥胖与肾毒性风险增加不相关。2项其他研究评估了肥胖患者中,万古霉素剂量和达到的血清谷浓度,但未报告肾毒性发生率,或肾毒性发生率非常低(n=1)。这样,本研究是首个表明肥胖(WHO定义)与发生肾毒性相关的研究。

本研究有一些局限性。首先且最重要的,这是一项回顾性研究,因此,只能确定肥胖患者中万古霉素使用与发生肾毒性之间的相关性;不能确定因果关系。而且,研究排除了因其他原因(即,并非因为万古霉素)发生血清肌酐升高的患者,因为通常血清肌酐升高会导致他们的药物方案发生变化,但肾功能障碍的其他可能原因和之后给药方案的改变依赖于对血清肌酐上升的原因的记录,这可能会带来一些选择性偏倚。

专家点评:此前的指南中多推荐万古霉素按照实际体重给药,从药物的基本特性来说万古霉素属于水溶性抗菌药物,患者肥胖水溶性药物的影响小于对脂溶性药物的影响,因此在临床实践中对于肥胖患者应谨慎地按照实际体重处方万古霉素,如有可能应在初始剂量适当下调公斤体重剂量并依据TDM结果之后进行剂量调整。)

原始出处:Choi YC, Saw S, Soliman D, et al. Intravenous Vancomycin Is Associated With the Development of Nephrotoxicity in Patients With Class III Obesity. Ann Pharmacother. 2017 Jul 1

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    2018-03-14 jj000001
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    2018-03-12 yb6560
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    2018-06-11 fusion
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