珍贵脑癌细胞系面临身份危机

2016-09-11 宗华 科学网

珍贵脑癌细胞系面临身份危机 科学家发现该细胞系样本同其50年前的来源并不匹配

U87细胞系来自一个神经胶质瘤,但除此以外,它的来源并不明确。图片来源:Steve Gschmeissner/Science Photo Library

生物医学专家经常被要求检查他们的细胞系是否未被污染或者贴错标签。不过,一项最新研究表明,只有被用于细胞比对的参考标准靠谱,验证细胞系的任何努力才会有意义。

一个被广泛用于研究脑癌的细胞系同近50年前被用于创建该细胞系的细胞,或者被认为是其源头的肿瘤并不匹配。研究人员在日前出版的《科学—转化医学》杂志上报告了这一发现。事实上,没有人对大多数细胞库分发的细胞系的真正起源抱有很大把握。

“这是一个很好的警示,提醒人们应质疑你的假设并且实施尽可能多的恰当控制,以确保你真的拥有自认为所拥有的东西。”位于马里兰州的美国国立综合医学研究所所长Jon Lorsch表示。

科罗拉多大学丹佛分校遗传学家Christopher Korch认为,由于极少有细胞系曾被同第一手来源的材料验证过,“因此这篇文章可能只是问题的冰山一角”。

很多小组正试图解决被错误鉴定的细胞系问题,以改善研究成果的可重复性。今年,美国国立卫生研究院开始要求基金申请人描述他们将如何验证其细胞系。诸如《自然》等期刊最近开始要求作者对照由已知被混在一起的475个细胞系构成的数据库检查他们的细胞。

不过,并未有机构要求开展诸如产生上述最新研究的档案追踪一类的工作。“让人们进行标准验证太难了。”位于华盛顿的非营利性机构——全球生物标准研究所所长Leonard Freedman表示。该机构发现,大多数生命科学家从未鉴定过他们的细胞。“标准验证则是更加精细的工作。”

受到质疑的U87细胞系于1966年在瑞典乌普萨拉大学建立。它利用了来自一名患有恶性胶质瘤的44岁女性的组织。自此以后,U87成为脑癌研究的“马达”。无数科学家对其展开研究,并产生了约2000篇科研论文。

对U87的热衷令乌普萨拉大学肿瘤生物学家Bengt Westermark很是困惑。“我无法理解为何人们会利用如此无聊的细胞开展研究。”作为上世纪70年代的研究生,Westermark研究了8个不同的脑癌细胞系。“利用U87开展研究是没有希望的,因为和其他细胞系相比,它生长得太过缓慢。”

数年后,Westermark获得了由美国模式培养物集存库(ATCC)分发的U87版本。这是一个位于弗吉尼亚州马纳萨斯市的细胞库,也是全球规模最大的生物材料收藏地。Westermark从细胞的生长特性中发现,这个U87明显不同于读研究生时给他带来如此多痛苦的细胞。Westermark决定进行正式的比对。

幸运的是,乌普萨拉大学仍拥有保存下来的产生原始细胞系的肿瘤组织。这使Westermark团队得以核对记录在案的U87样本的身份。随后,研究人员利用DNA指纹识别技术证实,ATCC的U87和原始细胞系并不相同,而且同在乌普萨拉大学创建的任何其他细胞系均不匹配。

根据ATCC首席科技总监Mindy Goldsborough的说法,该储存库于1982年从位于纽约的纪念斯隆·凯特琳癌症中心获得这个U87细胞系,而后者于1973年从乌普萨拉大学接收了该细胞系。等它来到ATCC时,U87拥有一条Y染色体,尽管事实是它被假定来自一名女性患者。这表明,混杂可能发生在斯隆·凯特琳癌症中心或者其中一次交接期间。

鉴于此项新发现,ATCC目前正计划更新U87列表(将其描述为来自男性)中的背景细节。不过,U87细胞系的来源仍然是个谜。

Westermar团队对基因表达谱进行的比对表明,ATCC细胞系可能来自一个脑部肿瘤。“坏消息是它并非应当成为的那个细胞系。”Westermark表示,“好消息是它可能是一个恶性胶质瘤。”这意味着对U87的研究仍反映了脑癌的生物学特征,并且不需要被抛弃。

不过,很多癌症研究人员认为,放弃U87和其他“经典”细胞系的时候到了,无论它们来自何处,因为过去被用于生长细胞的培养条件改变了它们的生物学特性。目前,Westermark和其他人偏爱在能确保基因和表观遗传学稳定性的生长培养基上繁殖出来的较新细胞系。通过神经胶质瘤培养生物样本库,乌普萨拉大学向其他研究人员提供这些类型的细胞,并且仅收取一小笔处理费用。

“越来越多的人意识到,我们过去使用的细胞系并不能很好地代表人类疾病。”纽约威尔康奈尔脑肿瘤中心神经—肿瘤学家Howard Fine表示,“因此,任何时候有人能否决U87细胞系,我都会表示欢迎。”

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    2016-09-14 1dd8a7c5m95(暂无匿称)

    学习了,赞一个!!!

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    2016-09-13 1dd8a7c5m95(暂无匿称)

    学习了,赞一个!!!

    0

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    2016-09-13 1dd8a7c5m95(暂无匿称)

    学习了,赞一个!!!

    0

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    2016-09-13 yxch36
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中科院长春光机所副研究员曾庆辉等人利用绿色荧光碳点(CDs)做药物释放载体,实现了药物对癌细胞的选择性释放、荧光示踪一体化的研究。成果发表于《材料化学B》。研究为荧光碳纳米点在癌症诊断治疗技术方面的潜在临床应用拓展了新的研究方向。癌症化疗药物对人体正常细胞有一定的毒害性,因此癌症药物的选择性释放,一直以来都是生物医学的重大研究方向。曾庆辉等人选择肝癌细胞作为目标,进行CDs的药物选择性释放、荧光示

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加州大学洛杉矶分校加州纳米技术研究院的科学家们确认了一个癌细胞转移的不寻常的理论,向此方向的研究迈出了一大步。他们的发现可能有助于提出新防止黑色素瘤转移的新战略。 关于癌症如何传播的一种很普遍的理论是,肿瘤细胞从原发肿瘤脱落,并通过血液到达其他器官,并在新的附着点处生长成新的肿瘤。但是,有关转移过程的问题仍然未解,因为在循环血液中的肿瘤细胞,有时寿命很短,而且缺乏关于细胞如何离开血液附着到器