Cell Metab:暴饮暴食,体重增加,或许是因为大脑炎症……

2017-07-11 漱石 生物探索

人类天生就对高脂饮食无法抗拒,许多研究都表明,高脂不仅能让我们发胖,还能进一步促进我们的食欲。近日,来自加州大学旧金山分校(UCSF)和华盛顿大学医学中心研究人员领导的小鼠研究揭示了这一现象背后的生物学机制:大脑中的一种免疫细胞——小胶质细胞激活引起的神经炎症原来是“罪魁祸首”。这项研究于7月5日发表在Cell Metabolism。

人类天生就对高脂饮食无法抗拒,许多研究都表明,高脂不仅能让我们发胖,还能进一步促进我们的食欲。近日,来自加州大学旧金山分校(UCSF)和华盛顿大学医学中心研究人员领导的小鼠研究揭示了这一现象背后的生物学机制:大脑中的一种免疫细胞——小胶质细胞激活引起的神经炎症原来是“罪魁祸首”。这项研究于7月5日发表在Cell Metabolism。

本研究的共同资深作者,UCSF糖尿病中心医学助理教授,Suneil Koliwad博士说,“小胶质细胞不是神经元,但是占了大脑细胞的10%至15%的细胞。它们可能是大脑中对抗肥胖及相关健康问题的一个新靶点。”

1.下丘脑小胶质细胞负责饮食驱动的体重增加

大脑中的一个区域——下丘脑内侧基底部(mediobasal hypothalamus,MBH)包含调节食物摄入和能量消耗的关键神经元组。通常这个脑区会试图将摄入食物的热量与我们需要的能量相匹配,从而维持一个健康的体重,但以前的研究表明食用脂肪可以剧烈地破坏这种平衡。

在新研究中,研究人员给小鼠喂食富含脂肪的快餐食品四周,这种饮食能导致小胶质细胞扩增并引发MBH内的局部炎症。与喂食更健康,低脂饮食的小鼠相比,高脂饮食的小鼠也会吃得更多,热量燃烧地更少,并且获得更多体重。

为了了解这些小鼠中增多的小胶质细胞是暴饮暴食和肥胖的原因,还是体重增加的结果。Koliwad的UCSF团队通过Plexxikon公司生产的一种药物PLX5622减少了高脂饮食小鼠MBH中的小胶质细胞。研究人员发现,给药的小鼠在相同饮食条件下时比未给药的小鼠食量减少15%,增加的体重减少20%。


减少星形胶质细胞使动物在高脂饮食条件下增加的体重减少,食物摄取减少。图片来源:Cell Metabolism

同时,华盛顿大学医学糖尿病研究所副教授Joshua Thaler博士领导的团队,通过遗传工程抑制小鼠小胶质细胞激活的炎症反应。他们发现这些小鼠在高脂饮食条件下,食量减少了15%,增加的体重减少了40%,这表明小胶质细胞的炎症作用参与了动物的暴饮暴食和体重调节过程。

为了进一步证实这一发现,UCSF研究人员开发了一系列基因工程小鼠,他们可以使用药物来随意激活小胶质细胞的炎症反应。研究人员发现即使在喂养健康,低脂肪饮食的小鼠中,促进下丘脑小胶质细胞的炎症反应也导致小鼠食量增加33%,能量消耗减少12%,和同样健康饮食的对照小鼠相比体重增加了四倍(400%)。

本研究的共同资深作者Thaler表示:“从这些实验中,我们可以自信地说,小胶质细胞激活引起的大脑炎症不仅是高脂饮食诱导暴饮暴食和肥胖所必需的,而且还足以驱使下丘脑改变其对能量平衡的调节,导致体重增加。”


模式图。图片来源:Cell Metabolism

2.针对大脑炎症的药物可能帮助治疗肥胖

这一机制在人类中是否存在或许马上就能知道了。因为由Plexxikon制造的另一种药物——PLX3977,目前正进行临床实验,用于治疗难治的白血病,实体瘤和罕见形式的关节炎。PLX3977与本研究中用于减少小胶质细胞数量的试验药物具有相同的机制。因此,可以观察PLX3977临床实验中的癌症患者是否在体重方面存在有益的效果,Koliwad说。

此外,研究人员还表示,高脂膳食会诱导小胶质细胞从血液中招募额外的免疫系统细胞进入MBH。一旦进入MBH,这些新招募的细胞形态发生该变,表现出与大脑小胶质细胞相似的特征,从而增强炎症反应以及对能量平衡的影响。因此,作者表示,或许能通过多种免疫学方法来控制暴饮暴食和体重增加——靶向小胶质细胞及血液中的能进入下丘脑并具有类似小胶质细胞功能的细胞。

研究人员接下来计划进一步调查高脂食物的消耗如何导致小胶质细胞激活的具体机制,以及是否有办法阻断这些信号通路。

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    2017-10-05 guojianrong
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    2018-01-23 维他命
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  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1887691, encodeId=77fc188e691ff, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d56611584ec' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Meta#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11584, encryptionId=d56611584ec, topicName=Meta)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d8f4110, createdName=guojianrong, createdTime=Thu Oct 05 20:19:00 CST 2017, time=2017-10-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1960317, encodeId=d08b196031e37, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dbe6445416' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CEL#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4454, encryptionId=dbe6445416, topicName=CEL)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c3ff68, createdName=维他命, createdTime=Tue Jan 23 11:19:00 CST 2018, time=2018-01-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2071097, encodeId=293920e109716, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=44fa43932f1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#大脑炎症#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=43932, encryptionId=44fa43932f1, topicName=大脑炎症)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d8f9279, createdName=slcumt, createdTime=Tue Jul 25 04:19:00 CST 2017, time=2017-07-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1870058, encodeId=eab718e00585e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fd764459a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cell#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4459, encryptionId=fd764459a8, topicName=Cell)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=524d95, createdName=zhaozhouchifen, createdTime=Thu May 17 21:19:00 CST 2018, time=2018-05-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1896109, encodeId=9bb31896109f7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4a391158248' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#MET#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11582, encryptionId=4a391158248, topicName=MET)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=18fc139, createdName=一闲, createdTime=Sun Jun 17 23:19:00 CST 2018, time=2018-06-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1298212, encodeId=01551298212be, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3379266918f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#体重增加#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=26691, encryptionId=3379266918f, topicName=体重增加)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45b2276, createdName=839640778, createdTime=Thu Jul 13 03:19:00 CST 2017, time=2017-07-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1343568, encodeId=048b13435682d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=928a849314c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#脑炎#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=84931, encryptionId=928a849314c, topicName=脑炎)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdqq.qlogo.cn/qqapp/1103841572/22AEC2EC4805C29C6E1DEE6D888DB41C/100, createdBy=7a322500193, createdName=ms1779634646866130, createdTime=Thu Jul 13 03:19:00 CST 2017, time=2017-07-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1417424, encodeId=fe49141e4244c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=29ad60210f3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#暴饮暴食#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=60210, encryptionId=29ad60210f3, topicName=暴饮暴食)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=09a33274256, createdName=redcrab, createdTime=Thu Jul 13 03:19:00 CST 2017, time=2017-07-13, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1887691, encodeId=77fc188e691ff, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d56611584ec' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Meta#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11584, encryptionId=d56611584ec, topicName=Meta)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d8f4110, createdName=guojianrong, createdTime=Thu Oct 05 20:19:00 CST 2017, time=2017-10-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1960317, encodeId=d08b196031e37, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dbe6445416' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CEL#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4454, encryptionId=dbe6445416, topicName=CEL)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c3ff68, createdName=维他命, createdTime=Tue Jan 23 11:19:00 CST 2018, time=2018-01-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2071097, encodeId=293920e109716, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=44fa43932f1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#大脑炎症#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=43932, encryptionId=44fa43932f1, topicName=大脑炎症)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d8f9279, createdName=slcumt, createdTime=Tue Jul 25 04:19:00 CST 2017, time=2017-07-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1870058, encodeId=eab718e00585e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fd764459a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cell#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4459, encryptionId=fd764459a8, topicName=Cell)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=524d95, createdName=zhaozhouchifen, createdTime=Thu May 17 21:19:00 CST 2018, time=2018-05-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1896109, encodeId=9bb31896109f7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4a391158248' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#MET#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11582, encryptionId=4a391158248, topicName=MET)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=18fc139, createdName=一闲, createdTime=Sun Jun 17 23:19:00 CST 2018, time=2018-06-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1298212, encodeId=01551298212be, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3379266918f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#体重增加#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=26691, encryptionId=3379266918f, topicName=体重增加)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45b2276, createdName=839640778, createdTime=Thu Jul 13 03:19:00 CST 2017, time=2017-07-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1343568, encodeId=048b13435682d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=928a849314c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#脑炎#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=84931, encryptionId=928a849314c, topicName=脑炎)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdqq.qlogo.cn/qqapp/1103841572/22AEC2EC4805C29C6E1DEE6D888DB41C/100, createdBy=7a322500193, createdName=ms1779634646866130, createdTime=Thu Jul 13 03:19:00 CST 2017, time=2017-07-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1417424, encodeId=fe49141e4244c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=29ad60210f3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#暴饮暴食#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=60210, encryptionId=29ad60210f3, topicName=暴饮暴食)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=09a33274256, createdName=redcrab, createdTime=Thu Jul 13 03:19:00 CST 2017, time=2017-07-13, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-06-17 一闲
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