Science Advances:致癌!也能治癌?《Science》子刊揭秘:本是致癌物,却能有效抑制癌细胞扩散

2021-06-25 生物探索 生物探索

致癌物的刺激可诱导CD8+T细胞的免疫激活途径,促进免疫原性转化,有效抑制癌细胞扩散。

近年来,免疫疗法显示出巨大的前景,但事实上,该疗法针对许多类型的癌症效果并不喜人,尤其是针对“冷肿瘤”基本无效,主要是由于冷肿瘤内环境中的癌细胞突变量少的可怜,很难被免疫系统识别,为此研究人员大胆猜测,增加治癌基因的突变量是否能将“冷肿瘤”转化为“热肿瘤”呢?

近日,这个猜想得到了验证,马萨诸塞州综合医院 (MGH)的科研人员在《Science Advances》杂志发表了一篇题为CD8+ T cell immunity blocks the metastasis of carcinogen-exposed breast cancer的文章,发现致癌物的刺激可诱导CD8+T细胞的免疫激活途径,促进免疫原性转化,有效抑制癌细胞扩散。

为了确定暴露的致癌物对“冷肿瘤”乳腺癌的影响,研究人员构建了成熟的自发性乳腺癌小鼠模型,并用致癌物“2,2-二羟甲基丁酸(DMBA)“刺激小鼠,研究发现,尽管DMBA刺激后的小鼠肿瘤增长速度变快,但癌症转移现象明显减少,这说明DMBA 暴露下的乳腺癌转移现象被有效阻断。

DMBA 暴露动物的乳腺癌转移被阻断

众所周知,CD8 + T细胞是T淋巴细胞的一个亚群,专门分泌各种细胞因子参与免疫活动,对瘤细胞等抗原物质具有杀伤作用,可与自然杀伤细胞构成机体抗肿瘤免疫的重要防线。

因此,为了验证 T 细胞是否能阻断暴露于DMBA 下的乳腺癌转移,研究人员分析了经 DMBA刺激后的原发性乳腺癌组织中浸润的 T 细胞,发现在乳腺肿瘤附近聚集了大量的T细胞,且值得注意的是,当敲除小鼠体内的T细胞后,乳腺癌的肺转移现象显着增加,这说明,CD8+T细胞是阻断暴露于DMBA下的小鼠乳腺癌转移的重要元素。

在 DMBA 处理的 PyMT 小鼠中阻断乳腺癌转移需要CD8 + T 细胞

近年来,由于趋化因子CCL21极其受体CCR7在肿瘤细胞选择性和特异性转移过程中发挥重要作用,逐渐成为抗肿瘤转移药物治疗的新靶点,各种基于CCL21的免疫联合治疗策略不断涌现。

前期研究发现,CCL21可以促使T细胞参与淋巴细胞归巢,强效驱动T淋巴细胞。基于此,研究人员猜测CCL21或许同样能增强 T 细胞对乳腺癌的免疫效应。经体内和体外试验验证后发现,CCL21 能够有效诱导针对冷乳腺肿瘤的T细胞免疫,可作为乳腺癌免疫原性转化的有效诱导剂。 未来,我们或许能通过瘤内注射的方式将CCL21 注射到肿瘤中,将“冷肿瘤”转化成对免疫疗法敏感的“热肿瘤”,从而有效抑制癌细胞转移。

CCL21通过在体内诱导抗肿瘤CD8 + T细胞免疫抑制乳腺肿瘤生长

事实上,这项独特的抑癌理念早在肺癌治疗中就有体现。鼎鼎大名的“Opdivo和Keytruda”的临床研究数据显示,免疫疗法对吸烟的癌症患者治疗效果更好。

这主要归因于吸烟的肺癌病人基因突变的数目是不吸烟者的10倍还多,而基因突变越多,免疫细胞越能识别出肿瘤细胞,其杀伤效果就越好。因此,期待这项独特的癌症疗法能为癌症免疫学研究开辟出更广泛的领域。

原始出处:

Kaiwen Li, et al. CD8+ T cell immunity blocks the metastasis of carcinogen-exposed breast cancer. Science Advances 18 Jun 2021: Vol. 7, no. 25, eabd8936. DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abd8936

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    2022-04-09 yinhl1990
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    2021-06-27 yxch36
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    2021-06-27 jambiya
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    2021-06-27 qjddjq

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